{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125963096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866","title":"Optimizing K-Means Cluster Selection for Multi-Controller Placement in SDN: Effects on Latency and Load Balancing","display_name":"Optimizing K-Means Cluster Selection for Multi-Controller Placement in SDN: Effects on Latency and Load Balancing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125963096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057376360","display_name":"Aymen Chentouf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aymen Chentouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000567406","display_name":"Mounia Miyara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7908-1701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounia Miyara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040097612","display_name":"Zouhair Chiba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zouhair Chiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hassan II University of Casablanca,LIS Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock,Mathematics and Computing Department,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057376360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74972324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6618000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7649000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6618000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6554999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6306289434432983,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151],"Software-Defined":[1],"Networking":[2],"(SDN)":[3],"paradigm":[4],"introduces":[5],"a":[6],"transformative":[7],"approach":[8,157],"to":[9,146],"network":[10,57,78,144],"management":[11],"by":[12,71],"decoupling":[13],"the":[14,45,72,77,85,88,113,141,147,155,163],"control":[15],"and":[16,22,34,59,79,121,134,177],"data":[17],"planes,":[18],"allowing":[19],"centralized":[20],"programmability":[21],"enhanced":[23],"flexibility.":[24],"However,":[25],"as":[26,167],"SDN":[27],"infrastructures":[28],"scale,":[29],"single-controller":[30],"architectures":[31],"face":[32],"latency":[33,174],"scalability":[35],"limitations.":[36],"Multi-Controller":[37],"frameworks":[38],"address":[39],"these":[40],"issues":[41],"but":[42],"also":[43],"introduce":[44],"Controller":[46],"Placement":[47],"Problem":[48],"(CPP),":[49],"an":[50],"NP-hard":[51],"optimization":[52],"challenge":[53],"that":[54,154],"directly":[55],"impacts":[56],"performance":[58,104,145,165],"reliability.":[60],"To":[61],"mitigate":[62],"CPP,":[63],"numerous":[64],"studies":[65],"have":[66],"proposed":[67],"clustering-based":[68],"approaches":[69],"inspired":[70],"k-means":[73],"algorithm":[74],"for":[75,111],"partitioning":[76],"selecting":[80,112],"optimal":[81,114],"controller":[82,178],"locations.":[83],"Yet,":[84],"choice":[86],"of":[87,90,116,143],"number":[89,115],"clusters":[91],"(k)":[92],"remains":[93],"largely":[94],"heuristic,":[95],"often":[96],"fixed":[97],"arbitrarily,":[98],"despite":[99],"its":[100],"significant":[101],"effect":[102],"on":[103,127],"outcomes.":[105],"This":[106],"paper":[107],"investigates":[108],"various":[109],"methods":[110,169],"clusters\u2014including":[117],"Elbow,":[118],"Silhouette,":[119],"Calinski\u2013Harabasz,":[120],"Davies\u2013Bouldin":[122],"criteria\u2014and":[123],"evaluates":[124],"their":[125],"influence":[126],"Node-To-Controller":[128],"(N2C)":[129],"latency,":[130,133],"Controller-To-Controller":[131],"(C2C)":[132],"load":[135,179],"balancing.":[136],"Our":[137],"experimental":[138],"results":[139],"highlight":[140],"sensitivity":[142],"chosen":[148],"k-selection":[149],"method.":[150],"findings":[152],"emphasize":[153],"selection":[156],"must":[158],"be":[159],"carefully":[160],"aligned":[161],"with":[162],"targeted":[164],"indicators,":[166],"different":[168],"favor":[170],"distinct":[171],"trade-offs":[172],"between":[173],"reduction,":[175],"scalability,":[176],"distribution.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-29T23:17:01.242718","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}