{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125973911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804","title":"High Field-Of-View Imaging Receiver Design Using SPAD or PD Arrays","display_name":"High Field-Of-View Imaging Receiver Design Using SPAD or PD Arrays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125973911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075022165","display_name":"Mohamad Hijazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-8541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Hijazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103816441","display_name":"Mohammad Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9503-948X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Dehghani Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074320996","display_name":"Harald Haas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-2701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Haas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,LiFi R&#x0026;D Centre, Electrical Engineering Division,Cambridge,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,LiFi R&#x0026;D Centre, Electrical Engineering Division,Cambridge,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043354202","display_name":"Majid Safari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Safari","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Edinburgh,Institute for Imaging, Data and Communications, School of Engineering,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zemax","display_name":"Zemax","score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.34470000863075256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778646699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3085771","display_name":"Zemax","level":3,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151857401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640621","display_name":"Optical engineering","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet68224.2025.11288804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4124603271484375}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92],"design":[1,190],"of":[2,17,107,154],"compact,":[3],"high-speed":[4,201],"optical":[5,61,202],"wireless":[6,203],"receivers":[7,186],"is":[8,69,94,115],"fundamentally":[9],"constrained":[10],"by":[11,103],"trade-offs":[12],"between":[13,78,194],"data":[14],"rate,":[15],"field":[16],"view":[18],"(FoV),":[19],"and":[20,56,62,81,101,132,147,162,170,187,196],"signal":[21],"quality.":[22],"While":[23],"photodiode":[24],"(PD)":[25],"arrays":[26,55,141,167],"have":[27],"been":[28],"widely":[29],"studied,":[30],"recent":[31],"advances":[32],"in":[33,88,184,199],"single-photon":[34],"avalanche":[35],"diode":[36],"(SPAD)":[37],"technology":[38],"offer":[39],"alternative":[40],"architectures":[41,198],"with":[42],"unique":[43],"advantages.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,151],"unified":[49],"comparative":[50],"framework":[51],"that":[52,139],"evaluates":[53],"PD":[54,129,166,197],"SPAD":[57,133,140,195],"array-of-arrays":[58],"under":[59],"identical":[60],"geometric":[63],"conditions.":[64],"A":[65],"novel":[66],"analytical":[67],"model":[68,93],"introduced":[70],"to":[71],"generalize":[72],"FoV":[73],"estimation":[74],"for":[75,118,124,160,192],"detectors":[76],"placed":[77],"the":[79,174,180],"lens":[80],"its":[82],"focal":[83,175],"point,":[84],"enabling":[85],"accurate":[86],"characterization":[87],"compact":[89],"imaging":[90,185],"systems.":[91,205],"validated":[95],"through":[96],"ray-tracing":[97],"Zemax":[98],"OpticStudio":[99],"simulations":[100],"complemented":[102],"Monte":[104],"Carlo":[105],"analysis":[106],"beam":[108],"spot":[109],"illumination.":[110],"Signal-To-noise":[111],"ratio":[112],"(SNR)":[113],"performance":[114],"further":[116],"calculated":[117],"on\u2013off":[119],"keying":[120],"(OOK)":[121],"modulation,":[122],"accounting":[123],"detector-specific":[125],"effects":[126],"such":[127],"as":[128],"capacitance":[130],"limits":[131],"dead-time":[134],"saturation.":[135],"Numerical":[136],"results":[137],"reveal":[138],"provide":[142,188],"significantly":[143],"wider":[144],"angular":[145],"coverage":[146],"robust":[148],"SNR":[149,172],"across":[150],"broad":[152],"range":[153],"lens-to-detector":[155],"distances,":[156],"making":[157],"them":[158],"suitable":[159],"mobile":[161],"misaligned":[163],"links,":[164],"whereas":[165],"deliver":[168],"linearity":[169],"peak":[171],"near":[173],"point.":[176],"These":[177],"findings":[178],"highlight":[179],"fundamental":[181],"rate\u2013FoV":[182],"trade-off":[183],"practical":[189],"guidelines":[191],"selecting":[193],"future":[200],"communication":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
