{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405490883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373","title":"Triple-Layer TTD Hybrid Beamformer for Beam Split Mitigation in Wideband THz Systems","display_name":"Triple-Layer TTD Hybrid Beamformer for Beam Split Mitigation in Wideband THz Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405490883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nada Essam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Essam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011322166","display_name":"Bassant Abdelhamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2375-2494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassant Abdelhamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030646893","display_name":"Michael Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-0885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107720978","display_name":"Ain Shams University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb9w016","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ain Shams University,Faculty of Engineering,Electronics and Communications Engineering Dept.,Cairo,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107720978"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19633265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.8349610567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.6485204696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5187056660652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5073289275169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4983992576599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4100443720817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35005611181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32913583517074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31198689341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3012847602367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.24247634410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24167302250862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2083611786365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10147762298583984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.8349610567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.6485204696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5187056660652161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5073289275169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4983992576599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4100443720817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35005611181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32913583517074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31198689341545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3012847602367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.24247634410858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24167302250862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2083611786365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10147762298583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet63022.2024.10793373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2111322952","https://openalex.org/W2128865660","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2277196941","https://openalex.org/W2361755122","https://openalex.org/W2883616568","https://openalex.org/W2887697691","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2963933750","https://openalex.org/W2964218543","https://openalex.org/W3001570336","https://openalex.org/W3011830499","https://openalex.org/W3126485115","https://openalex.org/W3127477746","https://openalex.org/W3131417164","https://openalex.org/W3154003107","https://openalex.org/W3154707999","https://openalex.org/W4285231928","https://openalex.org/W4293768949","https://openalex.org/W4387917999","https://openalex.org/W6746360116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"future":[1],"6G":[2],"networks,":[3],"Terahertz":[4],"(THz)":[5],"communication":[6],"is":[7,121,195],"emerging":[8],"as":[9,13,149,151,211],"a":[10,101,115,135,165],"key":[11],"technology":[12],"it":[14],"can":[15],"provide":[16],"ultra-wide":[17],"bandwidth.":[18,110],"To":[19,111,181],"overcome":[20],"the":[21,55,61,64,77,82,108,125,131,143,152,157,167,171,177,183,187,201,206,212],"significant":[22,102],"propagation":[23],"losses":[24],"of":[25,58,104,134,145,159],"signals":[26],"in":[27,81,100],"$\\mathbf{T":[28,83],"H":[29,84],"z}$":[30,85],"band,":[31],"ultra-massive":[32],"Multiple-Input":[33],"Multiple-Output":[34],"(MIMO)":[35],"systems":[36],"with":[37,76,219],"hybrid":[38,66],"beamforming":[39,67],"are":[40],"utilized":[41],"because":[42],"they":[43],"employ":[44],"highly":[45],"directional":[46],"beams":[47,89],"to":[48,54,90,123],"enhance":[49],"array":[50,105],"gains.":[51],"However,":[52],"due":[53],"enormous":[56],"number":[57,144,158],"antennas":[59],"and":[60,214],"large":[62],"bandwidth,":[63],"conventional":[65],"approach,":[68],"which":[69],"relies":[70],"on":[71],"frequency-independent":[72],"phase":[73],"shifters,":[74],"struggles":[75],"beam":[78,126],"split":[79,127],"effect":[80,128],"band.":[86],"It":[87],"causes":[88],"deviate":[91],"into":[92],"different":[93,97],"physical":[94],"directions":[95],"across":[96],"frequencies,":[98],"resulting":[99],"loss":[103],"gain":[106],"throughout":[107],"entire":[109],"address":[112],"this":[113],"issue,":[114],"novel":[116],"triple-layer":[117,203],"True-Time-Delay":[118],"(TTD)":[119],"scheme":[120,140,169,189,217],"proposed":[122,139,168,188,202],"mitigate":[124],"while":[129],"maintaining":[130],"performance":[132],"level":[133],"single-layer":[136,215],"TTD.":[137],"The":[138,197],"significantly":[141],"reduces":[142],"large-range":[146],"delay":[147],"devices":[148],"well":[150],"hardware":[153],"complexity":[154],"by":[155],"reducing":[156],"required":[160],"digital":[161],"TTD":[162,204,216],"bits.":[163],"As":[164],"result,":[166],"increases":[170],"overall":[172],"energy":[173],"efficiency":[174],"without":[175],"sacrificing":[176],"achievable":[178,208],"sum":[179,209],"rate.":[180],"get":[182],"optimal":[184],"configuration(s)":[185],"for":[186],"at":[190],"each":[191],"layer,":[192],"an":[193],"algorithm":[194],"proposed.":[196],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200],"has":[205],"same":[207],"rate":[210],"double":[213],"but":[218],"fewer":[220],"TTDs.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
