{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313315822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887","title":"An Advanced Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in LoRaWAN","display_name":"An Advanced Comparative Study of Routing Protocols in LoRaWAN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313315822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069089703","display_name":"Adil Hilmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adil Hilmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hassan II,RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM,Casablanca,Morocco","RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hassan II,RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062984583","display_name":"Siham Aouad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0024-5868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aouad Siham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed V University of Rabat, Smart Systems Laboratory (SSL) ENSIAS,Rabat,Morocco","Mohammed V University of Rabat, Smart Systems Laboratory (SSL) ENSIAS, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University of Rabat, Smart Systems Laboratory (SSL) ENSIAS,Rabat,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University of Rabat, Smart Systems Laboratory (SSL) ENSIAS, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101672618","display_name":"Abderrahim Maizate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5390-7577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abderrahim Maizate","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Hassan II,RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM,Casablanca,Morocco","RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Hassan II,RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58739439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9817924499511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7807366251945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5790389776229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5719218850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5277771949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5221765041351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.5069261193275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.4416283369064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.4348423480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrics","display_name":"Metrics","score":0.42831748723983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4235432744026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41631340980529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4112318754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.21255049109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.20305472612380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.16090533137321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10437905788421631}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9817924499511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7807366251945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5790389776229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5719218850135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5277771949768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5221765041351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.5069261193275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.4416283369064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4348423480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195780805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1535986","display_name":"Metrics","level":5,"score":0.42831748723983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4235432744026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41631340980529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4112318754196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.21255049109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.20305472612380981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16090533137321472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10437905788421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/commnet56067.2022.9993887","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064421217","https://openalex.org/W2088087163","https://openalex.org/W2132549513","https://openalex.org/W2161371274","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2318583244","https://openalex.org/W2476448192","https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2768951086","https://openalex.org/W2770070197","https://openalex.org/W2800297764","https://openalex.org/W2885437927","https://openalex.org/W2889167692","https://openalex.org/W2913709008","https://openalex.org/W2943535307","https://openalex.org/W2949642365","https://openalex.org/W2955551477","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2971540252","https://openalex.org/W2981228028","https://openalex.org/W2990315362","https://openalex.org/W2998082633","https://openalex.org/W3009482824","https://openalex.org/W3009564765","https://openalex.org/W3014783981","https://openalex.org/W3015265524","https://openalex.org/W3043328207","https://openalex.org/W3046834032","https://openalex.org/W6697523151","https://openalex.org/W6745950762","https://openalex.org/W6765281082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780275797","https://openalex.org/W2787604381","https://openalex.org/W2805348733","https://openalex.org/W2995268047","https://openalex.org/W2976440832","https://openalex.org/W3082819492","https://openalex.org/W3134784882","https://openalex.org/W3138242362","https://openalex.org/W2993037392","https://openalex.org/W2901309327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,117,160],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"LPWAN":[3],"technologies":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6],"major":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,107,138],"the":[10,86,104,127,168],"IoT":[11],"field":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,44,96,109,123,140,144,166],"their":[15,136],"wide":[16],"radio":[17],"range,":[18],"use":[19],"of":[20,42,88,132,170],"free":[21],"frequency":[22],"bands":[23],"and":[24,60,71,113,125,147],"low":[25],"power":[26],"consumption.":[27],"Among":[28],"these":[29,171],"technologies,":[30],"Long":[31],"Range":[32],"WAN":[33],"(LoRaWAN)":[34],"transmits":[35],"across":[36],"several":[37,75,91],"kilometers":[38,76],"with":[39],"data":[40],"rates":[41],"up":[43],"5.5":[45],"kb/s,":[46],"making":[47],"it":[48],"useful":[49],"for":[50,173],"applications":[51,106],"such":[52,151],"as":[53,152],"smart":[54],"city":[55],"monitoring,":[56],"1":[57],"precision":[58],"agriculture":[59],"environmental":[61],"monitoring.":[62],"However,":[63],"LoRaWAN":[64,78,115,133],"only":[65],"supports":[66],"one-hop":[67],"communication":[68,112],"between":[69],"endpoints":[70],"gateways.":[72],"On":[73],"links":[74],"long,":[77],"signals":[79],"may":[80],"encounter":[81],"obstacles":[82],"or":[83],"interference,":[84],"affecting":[85],"reception":[87],"packets.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"studies":[92],"have":[93],"been":[94],"proposed":[95],"create":[97,110],"different":[98,128,145,164],"LORAWAN":[99],"network":[100,157],"architectures":[101],"depending":[102],"on":[103,148],"required":[105],"order":[108,139],"multi-hop":[111],"improve":[114,167],"performance.":[116],"this":[118],"article,":[119],"we":[120,162],"are":[121],"going":[122],"study":[124],"review":[126],"routing":[129],"protocol":[130],"algorithms":[131,172],"nodes,":[134],"highlighting":[135],"principles":[137],"compare":[141],"them":[142],"according":[143],"metrics":[146],"multiple":[149],"requirements":[150],"load":[153],"balancing,":[154],"energy":[155],"efficiency,":[156],"complexity.":[158],"algorithm\u2026etc.":[159],"addition,":[161],"describe":[163],"challenges":[165],"performance":[169],"LoRaWAN.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
