{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126101977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161","title":"Identification and Classification of Cyberattacks in Internet of Blockchain-Based Energy Networks Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Identification and Classification of Cyberattacks in Internet of Blockchain-Based Energy Networks Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126101977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Computing, Communications and IoT Applications (ComComAp)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093432782","display_name":"Zaid Allal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70900168","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont Blanc","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqg1a07","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Allal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Savoie Mont Blanc,LISTIC - Polytech Annecy-Chamb&#x00E9;ry,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Savoie Mont Blanc,LISTIC - Polytech Annecy-Chamb&#x00E9;ry,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124164638","display_name":"Hassan Noura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Noura","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Electrical and Computer Engineering,Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Electrical and Computer Engineering,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021750802","display_name":"Flavien Vernier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-6502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70900168","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont Blanc","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqg1a07","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavien Vernier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; Savoie Mont Blanc,LISTIC - Polytech Annecy-Chamb&#x00E9;ry,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; Savoie Mont Blanc,LISTIC - Polytech Annecy-Chamb&#x00E9;ry,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121876066","display_name":"Ola Salman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ola Salman","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepVU,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepVU,USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044442361","display_name":"Khaled Chahine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-1869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Chahine","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of the Middle East,College of Engineering and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093432782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70653527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"364","last_page":"370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.5310999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.5310999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3138999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.020099999383091927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ipv4","display_name":"IPv4","score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandbox","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","score":0.35339999198913574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5741000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5013999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.49320000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11103","display_name":"IPv4","level":4,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2667186","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/comcomap68359.2025.11353161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Computing, Communications and IoT Applications (ComComAp)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5941420793533325,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2889322318","https://openalex.org/W3012986089","https://openalex.org/W3126212539","https://openalex.org/W3129315141","https://openalex.org/W3215414794","https://openalex.org/W4285229868","https://openalex.org/W4321374905","https://openalex.org/W4387060412","https://openalex.org/W4392028731","https://openalex.org/W4396608759"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"convergence":[1],"of":[2,15,33,79,146],"blockchain":[3,168],"technologies":[4],"with":[5,116,141],"next-generation":[6],"energy":[7,27,36,61,99,191,202],"systems":[8],"has":[9],"given":[10],"rise":[11],"to":[12,125,162],"the":[13,30,73,77,82,103,133,142,151,158],"Internet":[14],"Blockchain":[16],"(IoBC),":[17],"a":[18,51,186,194],"paradigm":[19],"that":[20,42,102,171],"enhances":[21],"transparency,":[22],"security,":[23],"and":[24,46,56,97,106,200],"decentralization":[25],"in":[26,35,59,120],"transactions.":[28],"However,":[29],"growing":[31],"integration":[32],"IoBC":[34],"networks":[37,62],"introduces":[38],"new":[39],"cyber":[40],"vulnerabilities":[41],"threaten":[43],"system":[44],"resilience":[45],"reliability.":[47],"This":[48,180],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"comprehensive":[52],"framework":[53],"for":[54,128,188],"identifying":[55],"classifying":[57],"cyberattacks":[58],"IoBC-based":[60],"using":[63],"state-of-the-art":[64],"machine":[65,183],"learning":[66,184],"techniques.":[67],"A":[68],"two-headed":[69],"design":[70],"is":[71],"implemented:":[72],"first":[74],"head":[75],"detects":[76],"existence":[78],"attacks,":[80],"while":[81],"second":[83],"identifies":[84],"their":[85],"type":[86],"(DoS,":[87],"DDoS,":[88],"or":[89],"hybrid).":[90],"Extensive":[91],"experimentation":[92],"on":[93],"datasets":[94],"from":[95],"wind":[96],"solar":[98],"generators":[100],"reveals":[101],"Extra-Trees":[104],"(ET)":[105],"XGBoost":[107],"(XGB)":[108],"models":[109],"achieve":[110],"outstanding":[111],"detection":[112],"accuracy":[113,140],"above":[114],"99.4%,":[115],"XGB":[117],"completing":[118],"evaluations":[119],"just":[121],"0.03":[122],"seconds":[123,127,149],"compared":[124],"0.16":[126],"ET.":[129],"For":[130],"attack-type":[131],"identification,":[132],"Decision":[134],"Tree":[135],"(DT)":[136],"model":[137],"achieved":[138],"96.4%":[139],"fastest":[143],"inference":[144],"time":[145],"only":[147],"0.0022":[148],"across":[150],"full":[152],"test":[153],"set.":[154],"These":[155],"results":[156],"highlight":[157],"framework's":[159],"strong":[160],"capacity":[161],"perform":[163],"real-time":[164],"cyberattack":[165],"mitigation":[166],"within":[167],"consensus,":[169],"ensuring":[170],"malicious":[172],"transactions":[173],"are":[174],"intercepted":[175],"before":[176],"compromising":[177],"ledger":[178],"integrity.":[179],"work":[181],"establishes":[182],"as":[185],"cornerstone":[187],"safeguarding":[189],"IoBC-enabled":[190],"infrastructures,":[192],"providing":[193],"scalable":[195],"pathway":[196],"toward":[197],"secure,":[198],"sustainable,":[199],"intelligent":[201],"management.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
