{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138362482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","title":"Robots vs. machines: Identifying user perceptions and classifications","display_name":"Robots vs. machines: Identifying user perceptions and classifications","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138362482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","mag":"2138362482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2010/5324","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005165657","display_name":"Kristin E. Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1342-3446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristin E. Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045045304","display_name":"Deborah R. Billings","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah R. Billings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007652754","display_name":"Peter A. Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8212824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"138","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.8746324181556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.745753288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.7015162110328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6333863139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6065974235534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.561014711856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24829703569412231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.8746324181556702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.745753288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7015162110328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6333863139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6065974235534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.561014711856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24829703569412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2010-6323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2010/5324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2010-2014","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:stars.library.ucf.edu:scopus2010-6323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2010/5324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172555","display_name":"Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research","issn_l":"2576-0017","issn":["2576-0017","2576-0025"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Export 2010-2014","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968271572","https://openalex.org/W1982140406","https://openalex.org/W2030278763","https://openalex.org/W2042049661","https://openalex.org/W2059122314","https://openalex.org/W2115179573","https://openalex.org/W2119548594","https://openalex.org/W2135907989","https://openalex.org/W2502205230","https://openalex.org/W4235898402","https://openalex.org/W4253613666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2110028391","https://openalex.org/W54497855","https://openalex.org/W217960748","https://openalex.org/W3125814499","https://openalex.org/W2090827041","https://openalex.org/W2094012830","https://openalex.org/W187246281","https://openalex.org/W2079194830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ways":[0],"in":[1],"which":[2,55,67],"people":[3],"perceive":[4,57],"machines":[5],"as":[6,60,71,84],"robots":[7,39],"can":[8],"influence":[9],"their":[10],"subsequent":[11],"behavior":[12],"and":[13,26,46,63,91],"interactions.":[14],"Individuals":[15],"may":[16],"make":[17],"these":[18],"classification":[19],"decisions":[20],"based":[21],"solely":[22],"on":[23],"visual":[24],"information,":[25],"thus":[27],"the":[28,32,52,58,64],"physical":[29],"form":[30],"of":[31,38,43],"entity":[33,59],"alone.":[34],"Participants":[35],"viewed":[36,69],"images":[37,77],"from":[40],"a":[41,61,72],"variety":[42],"identified":[44],"domains":[45],"rated":[47],"each":[48],"image":[49],"according":[50],"to":[51,54,66],"extent":[53,65],"they":[56,68],"machine":[62],"it":[70],"robot.":[73],"Findings":[74],"suggest":[75],"that":[76],"portraying":[78],"greater":[79],"anthropomorphic":[80],"properties":[81],"are":[82,93],"classified":[83],"more":[85],"robotic.":[86],"Implications":[87],"for":[88],"robot":[89],"design":[90],"trust":[92],"discussed.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
