{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205266426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029","title":"Game State and Action Abstracting Monte Carlo Tree Search for General Strategy Game-Playing","display_name":"Game State and Action Abstracting Monte Carlo Tree Search for General Strategy Game-Playing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205266426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608335","display_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006873204","display_name":"Alexander Dockhorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-7428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Dockhorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028537691","display_name":"Jorge Hurtado-Grueso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Hurtado-Grueso","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051707576","display_name":"Dominik Jeurissen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Jeurissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052124868","display_name":"Linjie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-5096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linjie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274276","display_name":"Diego P\u00e9rez-Li\u00e9bana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Perez-Liebana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006873204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78069284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.8827390670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8342063426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5305873155593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.5186730623245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4915498197078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4829249083995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.4815840721130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4703809320926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-game-theory","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","score":0.4412474036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.4185943305492401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.39039504528045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3743640184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.34131574630737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.15249520540237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15221428871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08427819609642029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.8827390670776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8342063426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5305873155593872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.5186730623245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4915498197078705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4829249083995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.4815840721130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4703809320926666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102234262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320931","display_name":"Combinatorial game theory","level":4,"score":0.4412474036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.4185943305492401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.39039504528045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3743640184402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.34131574630737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.15249520540237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15221428871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08427819609642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cog52621.2021.9619029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608335","display_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/77825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/77825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1694594370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T008962/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7898019634","display_name":"Abstract Forward Models for Modern Games","funder_award_id":"EP/T008962/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666476","https://openalex.org/W1557519121","https://openalex.org/W1582694172","https://openalex.org/W1978829838","https://openalex.org/W1995626426","https://openalex.org/W2022504108","https://openalex.org/W2121513215","https://openalex.org/W2135125135","https://openalex.org/W2140365369","https://openalex.org/W2396836028","https://openalex.org/W2726569368","https://openalex.org/W2774585356","https://openalex.org/W2962789937","https://openalex.org/W2962937819","https://openalex.org/W2963664735","https://openalex.org/W3083310462","https://openalex.org/W3110282614","https://openalex.org/W3152887548","https://openalex.org/W3189453569","https://openalex.org/W6600058601","https://openalex.org/W6678052826","https://openalex.org/W6712260828","https://openalex.org/W6740416028","https://openalex.org/W6756231095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098501469","https://openalex.org/W3121173017","https://openalex.org/W4254667630","https://openalex.org/W2914188613","https://openalex.org/W4287370909","https://openalex.org/W4221159562","https://openalex.org/W2252918381","https://openalex.org/W4248902224","https://openalex.org/W2516846536","https://openalex.org/W2976926181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"implementing":[1],"intelligent":[2],"agents":[3],"for":[4,51,57],"strategy":[5,53,158],"games,":[6],"we":[7,23,45,65,83],"observe":[8],"that":[9,55,110],"search-based":[10],"methods":[11],"struggle":[12],"with":[13,144],"the":[14,43,67,93,98,100,104,115,137,174],"complexity":[15,156],"of":[16,28,87,103,117,149,157],"such":[17,165],"games.":[18],"To":[19],"tackle":[20],"this":[21],"problem,":[22],"propose":[24],"a":[25,47,58,79],"new":[26],"variant":[27],"Monte":[29],"Carlo":[30],"Tree":[31],"Search":[32],"which":[33],"can":[34],"incorporate":[35],"action":[36,69,111],"and":[37,70,89],"game":[38,48,71,102,122],"state":[39,49,72,123],"abstractions.":[40],"Focusing":[41],"on":[42,92,97,147],"latter,":[44],"developed":[46],"encoding":[50],"turn-based":[52],"games":[54,159],"allows":[56],"flexible":[59],"abstraction.":[60],"Using":[61],"an":[62],"optimization":[63],"procedure,":[64],"optimize":[66],"agent's":[68,94,175],"abstraction":[73],"to":[74,136,171],"maximize":[75],"its":[76],"performance":[77,95,116],"against":[78],"rule-based":[80],"agent.":[81],"Furthermore,":[82],"compare":[84],"different":[85],"combinations":[86],"abstractions":[88,112,124,148],"their":[90],"impact":[91],"based":[96],"Kill":[99],"King":[101],"Stratega":[105],"framework.":[106],"Our":[107],"results":[108,132],"show":[109],"have":[113,125],"improved":[114],"our":[118],"agent":[119],"considerably.":[120],"Contrary,":[121],"not":[126],"shown":[127],"much":[128],"impact.":[129],"While":[130],"these":[131],"may":[133,160],"be":[134],"limited":[135],"tested":[138],"game,":[139],"they":[140],"are":[141],"in":[142],"line":[143],"previous":[145],"research":[146],"simple":[150],"Markov":[151],"Decision":[152],"Processes.":[153],"The":[154],"higher":[155],"require":[161],"more":[162],"intricate":[163],"methods,":[164],"as":[166],"hierarchical":[167],"or":[168],"time-based":[169],"abstractions,":[170],"further":[172],"improve":[173],"performance.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
