{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124131956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826","title":"Game-Based Generation of Binary Data for Use in Bell Inequality Experiments","display_name":"Game-Based Generation of Binary Data for Use in Bell Inequality Experiments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124131956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123042876","display_name":"Anna Dani\u0142owicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101150","display_name":"Baxter (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/013xmn143","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101150","https://openalex.org/I99484792"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Dani\u0142owicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["LG Nexera Business Solutions AG Vienna,Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LG Nexera Business Solutions AG Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121894298","display_name":"Piotr Bartosz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Bartosz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122996560","display_name":"Maja Wolak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maja Wolak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123012861","display_name":"Jakub Sarno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Sarno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University,Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058017191","display_name":"Agnieszka Michalczuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agnieszka Michalczuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123053604","display_name":"Kamil Wereszczy\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Wereszczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082938626","display_name":"Krzysztof A. Cyran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof A. Cyran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Silesian University of Technology,Vision and Digital Systems,Department of Computer Graphics,Gliwice,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65220788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5537999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25796384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822514","display_name":"Metagaming","level":5,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170828538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751513","display_name":"Game mechanics","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193588502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528955","display_name":"Kochen\u2013Specker theorem","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192183473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131133","display_name":"Determinism","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95940807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12237274","display_name":"Simultaneous game","level":4,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5874165296554565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147203488","https://openalex.org/W2582286644","https://openalex.org/W2803815386","https://openalex.org/W2974185397","https://openalex.org/W4211058570","https://openalex.org/W4321224156","https://openalex.org/W4406693830"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"game":[1,50,119,157],"industry":[2],"is":[3,76,138],"wide":[4],"and":[5,7,129,145,159],"diverse,":[6],"the":[8,14,61,72,81,86,115,130,143,166],"same":[9],"can":[10],"be":[11],"said":[12],"about":[13],"focus":[15,30],"of":[16,21,47,63,133,168,182],"games,":[17],"as":[18,121,178,180],"not":[19],"all":[20],"them":[22],"have":[23],"entertainment":[24],"in":[25,100,113],"their":[26,162,183],"core":[27,163],"design.":[28],"Many":[29],"on":[31],"pragmatic":[32],"matters":[33],"like":[34],"education":[35],"or":[36,57],"science;":[37],"such":[38,149],"games":[39],"are":[40,96],"called":[41],"serious":[42,49,156],"games.":[43],"One":[44],"specific":[45],"implementation":[46],"a":[48,110,122,134],"involves":[51],"generating":[52],"pseudo-random":[53],"binary":[54,171],"sequences":[55,172],"(0":[56],"1)":[58],"by":[59],"observing":[60],"behavior":[62],"human":[64,127],"players":[65],"during":[66],"gameplay":[67,82],"for":[68,98,148,174],"quantum":[69,101,135],"research.":[70],"Notably,":[71],"data":[73],"collection":[74],"process":[75],"often":[77],"embedded":[78],"subtly":[79],"within":[80],"mechanics,":[83],"potentially":[84],"without":[85],"user\u2019s":[87],"explicit":[88],"awareness.":[89],"In":[90],"our":[91],"case,":[92],"these":[93],"humansourced":[94],"bits":[95],"intended":[97],"use":[99,177],"experiments":[102],"testing":[103],"Bell":[104,175],"inequality,":[105],"where":[106],"unpredictable":[107],"input":[108],"plays":[109],"key":[111],"role":[112],"addressing":[114],"freedom-of-choice":[116],"loophole.":[117],"serves":[120],"covert":[123],"interface":[124],"between":[125],"intuitive":[126],"decision-making":[128],"controlled":[131],"conditions":[132],"experiment.":[136],"It":[137],"specifically":[139],"designed":[140],"to":[141],"preserve":[142],"randomness":[144],"independence":[146],"required":[147],"foundational":[150],"tests.":[151],"This":[152],"paper":[153],"presents":[154],"three":[155],"prototypes":[158],"explores":[160],"how":[161],"mechanics":[164],"enable":[165],"extraction":[167],"behaviorally":[169],"grounded":[170],"suitable":[173],"experimental":[176],"well":[179],"practicality":[181],"deployment.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-15T00:00:00"}