{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387914465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340","title":"A CNN and GRU Based Composite Classification Method for Motor Imagery EEG Signals","display_name":"A CNN and GRU Based Composite Classification Method for Motor Imagery EEG Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387914465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078482463","display_name":"Huanzi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144917393","display_name":"Mongolian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02shmve39","country_code":"MN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144917393"]}],"countries":["CN","MN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huanzi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electric Power, Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot,010080","Intelligent energy technology and equipment engineering research center of colleges and universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electric Power, Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot,010080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144917393"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent energy technology and equipment engineering research center of colleges and universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068895288","display_name":"Chaoyi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8433-8903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110539","display_name":"Energy Storage Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rq0mb28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049349957","display_name":"Pengfei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1497-5100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110539","display_name":"Energy Storage Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rq0mb28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085185339","display_name":"Ruijing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-5430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110539","display_name":"Energy Storage Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rq0mb28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruijing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070516301","display_name":"Dongyang Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110539","display_name":"Energy Storage Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rq0mb28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongyang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089447289","display_name":"Xiaoyan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110539","display_name":"Energy Storage Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rq0mb28","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Large Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078482463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144917393","https://openalex.org/I55654194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58920034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2287","last_page":"2292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.7896716594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7624078392982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7423943281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7229195237159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6833524107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6351490616798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6283537149429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5696738362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5172675251960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.43769675493240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4312204122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4165270924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20265650749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.11201944947242737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.7896716594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7624078392982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7423943281173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7229195237159729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6833524107933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6351490616798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6283537149429321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5696738362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5172675251960754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.43769675493240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4312204122543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4165270924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20265650749206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.11201944947242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8979764373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61364018,61863029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597963452","https://openalex.org/W2117059235","https://openalex.org/W2132906147","https://openalex.org/W2145196564","https://openalex.org/W2184341704","https://openalex.org/W2291176881","https://openalex.org/W2467325985","https://openalex.org/W2552990711","https://openalex.org/W2757777453","https://openalex.org/W2893814198","https://openalex.org/W2897696723","https://openalex.org/W3047552210","https://openalex.org/W3193512724","https://openalex.org/W3216273906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2047816336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"the":[1,12,51,63,81,92,105],"classification":[2,56,89,111],"accuracy":[3,52,90,106],"rate":[4,107],"of":[5,24,46,67,74,83,94,108],"motor":[6,64],"imagery":[7,65],"(MI)":[8],"tasks,":[9],"which":[10,40],"is":[11,35,60],"crucial":[13],"challenges":[14],"in":[15,37,53],"designing":[16],"brain-computer":[17],"interface":[18],"(BCI)":[19],"systems.":[20],"A":[21],"compound":[22],"model":[23,82,93],"convolutional":[25],"neural":[26],"networks":[27],"(CNN)":[28],"serially":[29],"connected":[30],"gated":[31],"recurrent":[32],"unit":[33],"(GRU)":[34],"proposed":[36],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"can":[41],"simultaneously":[42],"extract":[43],"spatial-temporal":[44],"information":[45],"EEG":[47],"signals":[48],"to":[49,62],"enhance":[50],"MI":[54,109],"binary":[55],"tasks.":[57],"This":[58],"method":[59],"applied":[61],"datasets":[66],"16":[68],"subjects":[69],"from":[70],"Inner":[71],"Mongolia":[72],"University":[73],"Technology":[75],"(IMUT).":[76],"Experimental":[77],"results":[78],"showed":[79],"that":[80],"CNN+GRU":[84,102],"has":[85,112],"a":[86],"significantly":[87,114],"higher":[88],"than":[91],"CSP+SVM.":[95],"More":[96],"abundant":[97],"fusion":[98],"features":[99,110],"extracted":[100],"by":[101],"model,":[103],"and":[104],"been":[113],"improved.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
