{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387914377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217","title":"Study on Minimum Annual Electricity Bill of a Campus Microgrid Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm and Bin Packing Method","display_name":"Study on Minimum Annual Electricity Bill of a Campus Microgrid Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm and Bin Packing Method","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387914377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071403887","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Tzer Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-3410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110302190","display_name":"Wei-Chen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0748-2038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022852228","display_name":"Kai\u2010Chao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-2392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Chao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-2392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046121646","display_name":"Lichun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-4271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Chun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Changhua University of Education,Department of Industrial Education and Technology,Changhua City,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102571211","display_name":"Chang-Si Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Si Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chung Cheng University,Department of Electric Engineering,Minhsiung,Chiayi,Taiwan","Department of Electric Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung Cheng University,Department of Electric Engineering,Minhsiung,Chiayi,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Minhsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"968","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6322586536407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5471398830413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5456216931343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5297143459320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4874303638935089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4401146173477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.422331303358078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.4171485900878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.39941972494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3531981110572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2845418453216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19992339611053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09298405051231384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6322586536407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5471398830413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5456216931343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5297143459320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4874303638935089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4401146173477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.422331303358078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4171485900878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.39941972494125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3531981110572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2845418453216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19992339611053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09298405051231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284217","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6852652644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-3116-F-018-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151760281","https://openalex.org/W2798426681","https://openalex.org/W2973836402","https://openalex.org/W3169071845","https://openalex.org/W3203192519","https://openalex.org/W4210563662","https://openalex.org/W4247298064","https://openalex.org/W4285174150","https://openalex.org/W4312972557"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W1932401759","https://openalex.org/W2080409291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,62,120,153],"solve":[4,154,167],"the":[5,25,41,64,74,89,110,121,136,141,162,168],"minimum":[6,129,143,170],"annual":[7,46,122,130,144,169],"electricity":[8,47,131,145,171],"bill":[9,48,132,172],"problem":[10],"of":[11,86,109],"a":[12,19],"campus":[13,91],"microgrid":[14,92],"with":[15,30,80],"distributed":[16],"generation":[17,59],"and":[18,35,45,57,68,83,99,106,140],"battery":[20,114],"energy":[21,84,115],"storage":[22,116],"system":[23,117],"via":[24],"proposed":[26,163],"optimal":[27,137,148],"hybrid":[28,149],"approach":[29,150],"sparrow":[31],"search":[32],"algorithm":[33],"(SSA)":[34],"bin":[36],"packing":[37],"method":[38,164],"(BPM).":[39],"First,":[40],"hourly,":[42],"daily,":[43],"monthly,":[44],"computing":[49],"modules":[50],"were":[51,60,125],"built.":[52],"The":[53,104,147,158],"historical":[54],"electrical":[55],"consumption":[56],"photovoltaic":[58],"analyzed":[61],"statistic":[63],"net":[65,123],"load":[66],"distribution":[67],"duration":[69],"over":[70],"one":[71],"year.":[72],"Next,":[73],"time-of-use":[75],"rate":[76],"for":[77,88],"high-voltage":[78,90],"customers":[79],"demand":[81],"charge":[82],"charging":[85,105],"Taipower":[87],"was":[93,151],"formulated":[94],"as":[95],"an":[96],"optimization":[97,156],"function":[98],"coded":[100],"in":[101,127],"python":[102],"language.":[103],"discharging":[107],"schedule":[108],"1":[111],"MW/1.26":[112],"MWh":[113],"(BESS),":[118],"according":[119],"load,":[124],"considered":[126],"this":[128,155],"problem.":[133,157,173],"We":[134],"obtained":[135],"contract":[138],"capacity":[139],"corresponding":[142],"bill.":[146],"applied":[152],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"that":[161],"could":[165],"effectively":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
