{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971682104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","title":"Facial Expression Recognition Based on DWT Feature for Deep CNN","display_name":"Facial Expression Recognition Based on DWT Feature for Deep CNN","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971682104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","mag":"2971682104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067080761","display_name":"Bendjillali Ridha Ilyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143936627","display_name":"University of Bechar","ror":"https://ror.org/035145p50","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bendjillali Ridha Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044921997","display_name":"Mohammed Beladgham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143936627","display_name":"University of Bechar","ror":"https://ror.org/035145p50","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beladgham Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria","Universit\u00e9 Tahri Mohammed, B\u00e9char (Algeria)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Tahri Mohammed, B\u00e9char (Algeria)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112274907","display_name":"Khaled Merit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143936627","display_name":"University of Bechar","ror":"https://ror.org/035145p50","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merit Khaled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria","Universit\u00e9 Tahri Mohammed, B\u00e9char (Algeria)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tahri Mohammed University, Bechar, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Tahri Mohammed, B\u00e9char (Algeria)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143936627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110690660","display_name":"Abdelmalik Taleb Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelmalik Taleb Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of IEMN DOAE, University of Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France","IEMN - Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 ([Univ. Lille, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Lille, Yncr\u00e9a-ISEN, UVHC] \u2013\u2013 \r\nLaboratoire Central \u2013 Cit\u00e9 Scientifique \u2013 Avenue Poincar\u00e9 \u2013 CS 60069 \u2013 59652 VILLENEUVE D\u2019ASCQ CEDEX - France)","COMNUM - IEMN - COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN (Groupe COMNUM  - UVHC Campus Mont Houy - 59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9  - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of IEMN DOAE, University of Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN - Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 ([Univ. Lille, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Lille, Yncr\u00e9a-ISEN, UVHC] \u2013\u2013 \r\nLaboratoire Central \u2013 Cit\u00e9 Scientifique \u2013 Avenue Poincar\u00e9 \u2013 CS 60069 \u2013 59652 VILLENEUVE D\u2019ASCQ CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMNUM - IEMN - COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN (Groupe COMNUM  - UVHC Campus Mont Houy - 59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9  - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002123043","display_name":"Ihsen Alouani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-8087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154098","display_name":"INSA Hauts-de-France","ror":"https://ror.org/041rsh762","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alouani Ihsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of IEMN DOAE, University of Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France","IEMN - Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 ([Univ. Lille, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Lille, Yncr\u00e9a-ISEN, UVHC] \u2013\u2013 \r\nLaboratoire Central \u2013 Cit\u00e9 Scientifique \u2013 Avenue Poincar\u00e9 \u2013 CS 60069 \u2013 59652 VILLENEUVE D\u2019ASCQ CEDEX - France)","INSA Hauts-De-France - INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es Hauts-de-France (Voirie Communale Universit\u00e9 Val Mont Houy, \r\n59300 Aulnoy-Lez-Valenciennes - France)","COMNUM - IEMN - COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN (Groupe COMNUM  - UVHC Campus Mont Houy - 59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9  - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of IEMN DOAE, University of Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN - Institut d\u2019\u00c9lectronique, de Micro\u00e9lectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 ([Univ. Lille, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Lille, Yncr\u00e9a-ISEN, UVHC] \u2013\u2013 \r\nLaboratoire Central \u2013 Cit\u00e9 Scientifique \u2013 Avenue Poincar\u00e9 \u2013 CS 60069 \u2013 59652 VILLENEUVE D\u2019ASCQ CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Hauts-De-France - INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es Hauts-de-France (Voirie Communale Universit\u00e9 Val Mont Houy, \r\n59300 Aulnoy-Lez-Valenciennes - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMNUM - IEMN - COMmunications NUM\u00e9riques - IEMN (Groupe COMNUM  - UVHC Campus Mont Houy - 59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9  - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"344","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13579","display_name":"Image and Video Stabilization","score":0.982200026512146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7944484949111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7257545590400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7181940078735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6325140595436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5781320929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.5362173318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5249464511871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.5122227072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.5105999112129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4855930209159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.482075035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47505876421928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4571438133716583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4332959055900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.426937460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.320711612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3079198896884918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.3056975305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.2915515899658203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7944484949111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7257545590400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7181940078735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6325140595436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5781320929527283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.5362173318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5249464511871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.5122227072715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.5105999112129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4855930209159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.482075035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47505876421928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4571438133716583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4332959055900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.426937460899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.320711612701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3079198896884918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.3056975305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.2915515899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03572167v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uphf.hal.science/hal-03572167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8820410","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500114929","https://openalex.org/W1988858539","https://openalex.org/W1998399571","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2107595704","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2125127226","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2146474141","https://openalex.org/W2626775124","https://openalex.org/W2737898408","https://openalex.org/W2743107199","https://openalex.org/W2755308505","https://openalex.org/W2782874754","https://openalex.org/W2785326750","https://openalex.org/W2794717016","https://openalex.org/W2921676045","https://openalex.org/W3214102110","https://openalex.org/W6647812624","https://openalex.org/W6804270185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162593906","https://openalex.org/W2387482914","https://openalex.org/W2385217229","https://openalex.org/W2302472796","https://openalex.org/W2376822833","https://openalex.org/W2393164332","https://openalex.org/W4319781082","https://openalex.org/W2015245117","https://openalex.org/W2604503469","https://openalex.org/W2381972374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0,41],"expressions":[1,27],"recognition":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,11,28,58,66],"the":[7,25,29,64,74,88],"most":[8],"important":[9],"fields":[10],"research":[12],"in":[13,16],"pattern":[14],"recognition,":[15],"this":[17,34,93],"paper,":[18],"we":[19],"propose":[20],"a":[21],"method":[22,35],"to":[23,72],"identify":[24],"facial":[26,59],"people":[30],"through":[31],"their":[32],"emotions,":[33],"combining":[36],"Viola-Jones":[37],"face":[38,86],"detection":[39],"algorithm,":[40],"image":[42],"enhancement":[43],"using":[44,61],"histogram":[45],"equalization,":[46],"discrete":[47],"wavelet":[48],"transform":[49],"(DWT)":[50],"and":[51,84,97],"deep":[52],"convolution":[53],"neural":[54],"network.":[55,76],"Extraction":[56],"results":[57,90],"features":[60],"DWT":[62],"are":[63,69],"input":[65],"CNN,":[67],"which":[68],"used":[70],"directly":[71],"train":[73],"CNN":[75],"Our":[77],"experimental":[78],"were":[79],"performed":[80],"on":[81,92],"CK+":[82],"database":[83],"JAFFE":[85],"database,":[87],"obtained":[89],"based":[91],"network":[94],"is":[95],"96.46%":[96],"98.43%":[98],"respectively.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
