{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551071671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","title":"Towards a series elastic actuator with electrically modulated stiffness for Powered Ankle-Foot Orthoses","display_name":"Towards a series elastic actuator with electrically modulated stiffness for Powered Ankle-Foot Orthoses","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551071671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","mag":"2551071671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076214359","display_name":"Edgar Bol\u00edvar-Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Bolivar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077577641","display_name":"David P. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045697313","display_name":"G ELLSON","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3853-0747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Ellson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109754823","display_name":"Jorge Coss\u00edo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Cossio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075556499","display_name":"Walter Voit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-0531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Voit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051369788","display_name":"Robert D. Gregg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-2857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076214359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74795009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.8322111964225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.823907732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5267521739006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.45033979415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4208306074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3392232656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.32956135272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25497734546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12297183275222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.11186906695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0779045820236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06868532299995422}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.8322111964225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.823907732963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5267521739006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.45033979415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4208306074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3392232656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.32956135272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25497734546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12297183275222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.11186906695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0779045820236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06868532299995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2016.7743525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W288661144","https://openalex.org/W1565928583","https://openalex.org/W1847353717","https://openalex.org/W1977985243","https://openalex.org/W1987361672","https://openalex.org/W1988834847","https://openalex.org/W2013242756","https://openalex.org/W2045943176","https://openalex.org/W2048457243","https://openalex.org/W2048517086","https://openalex.org/W2058174034","https://openalex.org/W2073136132","https://openalex.org/W2080638318","https://openalex.org/W2118533657","https://openalex.org/W2132600856","https://openalex.org/W2139086916","https://openalex.org/W2141451307","https://openalex.org/W2160294605","https://openalex.org/W2169100281","https://openalex.org/W2416488493","https://openalex.org/W3127697314","https://openalex.org/W3148140416","https://openalex.org/W4233460274","https://openalex.org/W6674846733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2490690736","https://openalex.org/W2099333796","https://openalex.org/W1999058329","https://openalex.org/W2080330449","https://openalex.org/W585100505","https://openalex.org/W2007221537","https://openalex.org/W2169474978","https://openalex.org/W785766289","https://openalex.org/W2011222276","https://openalex.org/W2185997459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Series":[0],"elastic":[1,35,82,99],"actuators":[2,36,116],"offer":[3,15],"several":[4],"benefits":[5],"for":[6,16,49,87,133,144],"powered":[7],"ankle":[8],"foot":[9],"orthoses.":[10],"One":[11],"major":[12],"benefit":[13],"they":[14],"this":[17,131],"application":[18],"is":[19],"the":[20,28,68,97,103,106,128,139],"reduction":[21,29,48],"of":[22,30,52,71,105,130],"motor":[23,31],"power":[24,47],"requirements,":[25],"which":[26,43],"enables":[27],"weight.":[32],"However,":[33],"series":[34,81,98],"commonly":[37],"have":[38],"a":[39,77,93,122],"fixed":[40],"stiffness":[41,80,104,115,120,135],"value,":[42],"only":[44],"yields":[45],"optimal":[46],"one":[50],"set":[51],"gait":[53,57,62,145],"parameters":[54,65],"such":[55],"as":[56,96],"type,":[58],"user":[59],"weight,":[60],"and":[61,136],"speed.":[63],"These":[64],"vary":[66],"during":[67],"normal":[69],"use":[70],"orthotic":[72],"devices.":[73],"This":[74],"paper":[75],"presents":[76],"new":[78],"variable":[79,114],"actuator":[83,91,107,140],"that":[84,102,117,138],"can":[85,108],"compensate":[86],"these":[88],"variations.":[89],"Our":[90],"uses":[92],"dielectric":[94],"elastomer":[95],"element":[100],"so":[101],"be":[109],"electrically":[110],"modulated,":[111],"unlike":[112],"current":[113],"modulate":[118],"their":[119],"with":[121],"second":[123],"motor.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"indicate":[127],"viability":[129],"approach":[132],"modulating":[134],"verify":[137],"generates":[141],"forces":[142],"meaningful":[143],"assistance.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}