{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1612565963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","title":"A multi-grid reinforcement learning method for energy conservation and comfort of HVAC in buildings","display_name":"A multi-grid reinforcement learning method for energy conservation and comfort of HVAC in buildings","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1612565963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","mag":"1612565963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102812784","display_name":"Bocheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0675-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bocheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Department of Automation, TNList Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Department of Automation, TNList Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646502","display_name":"Li Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3193-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Department of Automation, TNList Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems (CFINS), Department of Automation, TNList Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102812784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83534267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"444","last_page":"449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9391999840736389,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8782581090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8198381066322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6877673864364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6836358904838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation","display_name":"Energy conservation","score":0.6513561606407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5575921535491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5491828322410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.5482311248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4704631268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4149937927722931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31939083337783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22821244597434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.1428985893726349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10158181190490723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8782581090927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8198381066322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6877673864364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6836358904838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.6513561606407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5575921535491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5491828322410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5482311248779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4704631268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4149937927722931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31939083337783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22821244597434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.1428985893726349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10158181190490723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979871102","https://openalex.org/W1986570820","https://openalex.org/W2017978012","https://openalex.org/W2030582429","https://openalex.org/W2045578358","https://openalex.org/W2049107400","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2106628513","https://openalex.org/W2108152153","https://openalex.org/W2121305631","https://openalex.org/W2146290970","https://openalex.org/W2166681263","https://openalex.org/W2484957131","https://openalex.org/W2586680856","https://openalex.org/W2980797340","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112866972","https://openalex.org/W4240233711","https://openalex.org/W2900606913","https://openalex.org/W4320003279","https://openalex.org/W2326910963","https://openalex.org/W3111008797","https://openalex.org/W4287552621","https://openalex.org/W4376649626","https://openalex.org/W593427938","https://openalex.org/W2166790877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"reinforcement":[1],"learning":[2],"often":[3],"suffers":[4],"from":[5],"slow":[6],"convergence":[7,94],"and":[8,42,66,81,95,131],"faults":[9],"on":[10,39,98],"early":[11,40,99],"stages.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"we":[16,119],"propose":[17],"a":[18,29,36,45],"multi-grid":[19],"method":[20,106],"of":[21,63,68,88,123],"Q-learning":[22,105],"to":[23,32,35,48,58],"handle":[24],"these":[25],"problems.":[26],"It":[27],"adopts":[28,44],"coarse":[30],"model":[31,47],"fast":[33],"converge":[34],"good":[37],"policy":[38],"stages":[41],"then":[43],"fine":[46],"further":[49],"improve":[50],"the":[51,93,96,103,110,121,127,132],"optimization":[52,73],"result.":[53],"This":[54],"approach":[55,90],"is":[56,75],"applied":[57],"an":[59,86],"optimal":[60],"control":[61],"problem":[62],"energy":[64,129],"conservation":[65,130],"comfort":[67],"HVAC":[69,108],"in":[70,77,92,109],"buildings.":[71],"The":[72,83],"algorithm":[74],"implemented":[76],"simulation":[78],"using":[79],"Matlab":[80],"EnergyPlus.":[82],"results":[84],"show":[85],"improvement":[87],"our":[89],"both":[91],"performance":[97],"stages,":[100],"comparing":[101],"with":[102],"traditional":[104],"for":[107],"literature.":[111],"By":[112],"defining":[113],"some":[114],"modified":[115],"Pareto":[116],"domination":[117],"indices,":[118],"demonstrate":[120],"superiority":[122],"multiple":[124],"performances":[125],"comprising":[126],"competing":[128],"comfort.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
