{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025521184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","title":"Modeling building occupancy using a novel inhomogeneous Markov chain approach","display_name":"Modeling building occupancy using a novel inhomogeneous Markov chain approach","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025521184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","mag":"2025521184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080343454","display_name":"Zhenghua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-0328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","[School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007180550","display_name":"Yeng Chai Soh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeng Chai Soh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Faculty of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77750411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.952660322189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.8327780365943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7072594165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.5095949172973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.49261051416397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40569937229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3410087823867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1808367371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1370178461074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12096735835075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12019291520118713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.952660322189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.8327780365943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7072594165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.5095949172973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.49261051416397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40569937229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3410087823867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1808367371559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1370178461074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12096735835075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12019291520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2014.6899459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972440681","https://openalex.org/W2028527394","https://openalex.org/W2034320279","https://openalex.org/W2035313284","https://openalex.org/W2039105817","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2114520388","https://openalex.org/W2147242149","https://openalex.org/W2163239971","https://openalex.org/W6677225728","https://openalex.org/W6684085282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W617164912","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W4387090696","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2084326697","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W2027903142","https://openalex.org/W2354322608","https://openalex.org/W2186675474","https://openalex.org/W2387462590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"modeling":[1],"of":[2,39,54,61,64,78,92,107,116,155],"building":[3,10,34],"occupancy":[4,35,98,157],"is":[5,15,68],"an":[6,27,59],"important":[7],"issue":[8],"in":[9,159],"energy":[11],"optimization,":[12],"but":[13],"it":[14],"a":[16,143],"difficult":[17],"problem":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,32,88,112],"its":[21],"stochastic":[22],"property.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"proposed":[26,94,118,125,147],"inhomogeneous":[28],"Markov":[29,56],"chain":[30,57],"approach":[31],"model":[33,126,136,148],"under":[36],"two":[37],"scenarios":[38],"multi-occupant":[40,44],"single-zone":[41],"(MOSZ)":[42],"and":[43,96,100,130],"multi-zone":[45],"(MOMZ).":[46],"In":[47,120],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"define":[51],"the":[52,55,62,65,72,76,79,82,90,93,114,117,121,124,133,138,153,156,160],"state":[53],"as":[58,81,105],"increment":[60],"number":[63,77],"occupants,":[66],"which":[67],"quite":[69],"different":[70],"from":[71,142],"traditional":[73],"method":[74],"using":[75,137],"occupants":[80],"state.":[83],"Simulations":[84],"have":[85],"been":[86],"done":[87],"verify":[89],"performance":[91],"method,":[95],"mean":[97],"profile":[99],"four":[101],"random":[102],"variables":[103],"such":[104],"time":[106],"first":[108],"arrival":[109],"are":[110],"evaluated":[111],"assess":[113],"advantages":[115],"approach.":[119],"MOSZ":[122],"scenario,":[123],"performs":[127],"very":[128],"well":[129],"significantly":[131],"outperforms":[132],"existing":[134],"agent-based":[135],"actual":[139],"measurement":[140],"data":[141],"real":[144],"building.":[145],"The":[146],"can":[149],"also":[150],"adequately":[151],"capture":[152],"trend":[154],"dynamics":[158],"MOMZ":[161],"scenario.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}