{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025841201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","title":"Emergency evacuation simulation in staircases considering evacuees' physical and psychological status","display_name":"Emergency evacuation simulation in staircases considering evacuees' physical and psychological status","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025841201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","mag":"2025841201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031792794","display_name":"Ning Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Public Safety Research (IPSR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing (China)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Public Safety Research (IPSR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070935042","display_name":"Peter B. Luh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-7388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter B. Luh","raw_affiliation_strings":["CFINS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CFINS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100626322","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3703-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPSR, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","IPSR, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPSR, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPSR, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100708920","display_name":"Tao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-7687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPSR, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","IPSR, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPSR, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPSR, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031792794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80241678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"741","last_page":"746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9498999714851379,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.933899998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overtaking","display_name":"Overtaking","score":0.8028025031089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drill","display_name":"Drill","score":0.6469981670379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.6418725252151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6304231882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.5264471173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5149765610694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-evacuation","display_name":"Emergency evacuation","score":0.5003883838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23649489879608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2189098298549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13183128833770752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778448659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931051","display_name":"Overtaking","level":2,"score":0.8028025031089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173736775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58964","display_name":"Drill","level":2,"score":0.6469981670379639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.6418725252151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6304231882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.5264471173286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5149765610694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778309149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q606332","display_name":"Emergency evacuation","level":2,"score":0.5003883838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23649489879608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2189098298549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13183128833770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2013.6654004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127470283","https://openalex.org/W1973972388","https://openalex.org/W1976929923","https://openalex.org/W2005200767","https://openalex.org/W2005506531","https://openalex.org/W2018377093","https://openalex.org/W2036424138","https://openalex.org/W2048611242","https://openalex.org/W2051196660","https://openalex.org/W2078628828","https://openalex.org/W2080544477","https://openalex.org/W2084810873","https://openalex.org/W2088365967","https://openalex.org/W2101183386","https://openalex.org/W2102928538","https://openalex.org/W2121489887","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2167227315","https://openalex.org/W3105478856","https://openalex.org/W6605197631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029878700","https://openalex.org/W146091591","https://openalex.org/W2139312615","https://openalex.org/W2012698021","https://openalex.org/W1791694225","https://openalex.org/W2605598710","https://openalex.org/W2047906998","https://openalex.org/W2357211197","https://openalex.org/W4377157894","https://openalex.org/W1966552512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"evacuation":[1,64,104,198],"in":[2,47,66,90,165,195,202,236],"case":[3],"of":[4,31,53,151,216,221,242],"emergency":[5,49,197],"events":[6],"such":[7,206,244],"as":[8,16,207,245],"fire":[9,162,183],"and":[10,60,93,96,103,127,148,210,226,234,248],"smoke":[11],"has":[12],"long":[13],"been":[14],"recognized":[15],"a":[17,57,116,144,149,161,166,217],"crucial":[18,124],"issue.":[19],"Stair":[20],"is":[21,34,39,56,68,73,121,173,224,228],"the":[22,26,29,110,176,182,203,213,249],"main":[23],"egress,":[24],"whether":[25],"staircases":[27,46,67],"meet":[28],"criterion":[30],"building":[32,168],"safety":[33],"thus":[35],"important.":[36,69],"But":[37],"it":[38,227],"difficult":[40,74],"or":[41],"even":[42],"impossible":[43],"to":[44,62,100,108,181,187,230],"test":[45],"actual":[48,196],"events.":[50],"In":[51,113],"view":[52],"this,":[54],"simulation":[55,65,91,111,177,204],"proper":[58],"method,":[59],"how":[61,128],"improve":[63],"This":[70],"problem,":[71],"however,":[72],"because":[75],"several":[76],"important":[77],"evacuees'":[78,94,141],"physical":[79,125],"factors,":[80],"which":[81,193],"are":[82,106,134,155,179,200],"ignored":[83],"by":[84],"many":[85],"studies,":[86],"should":[87],"be":[88,101,231],"considered":[89],"model,":[92],"psychology":[95,130],"moving":[97,142],"uncertainties":[98],"need":[99],"considered,":[102],"experiments":[105],"needed":[107],"validate":[109,158],"model.":[112,138],"this":[114,137,159,222],"paper,":[115],"new":[117],"cellular":[118],"automata":[119],"model":[120,223],"established.":[122],"Several":[123,190],"factors":[126],"evacuee's":[129],"influences":[131],"their":[132],"behaviors":[133],"introduced":[135],"into":[136],"To":[139,157],"simulate":[140],"uncertainties,":[143],"split-and-recombine":[145],"grid":[146],"map":[147],"group":[150],"novel":[152],"transition":[153],"rules":[154],"introduced.":[156],"simulation,":[160],"drill":[163,184],"held":[164],"high-rise":[167],"was":[169],"video":[170],"recorded.":[171],"It":[172],"found":[174],"that":[175],"results":[178,185],"similar":[180],"according":[186],"statistical":[188],"method.":[189],"interesting":[191],"phenomena,":[192],"happen":[194],"events,":[199],"captured":[201],"process":[205],"overtaking,":[208],"merging,":[209],"going":[211],"along":[212],"inner":[214],"side":[215],"staircase.":[218],"The":[219],"structure":[220],"simple,":[225],"easy":[229],"further":[232],"developed":[233],"utilized":[235],"different":[237],"buildings":[238],"with":[239],"various":[240],"kinds":[241],"occupants":[243],"children,":[246],"adult":[247],"old.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
