{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143565293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","title":"GRANNIE 2: A Ubiquitous, Protean Robotic Guardian Angel","display_name":"GRANNIE 2: A Ubiquitous, Protean Robotic Guardian Angel","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143565293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","mag":"2143565293"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083851731","display_name":"M.D. Paul Frenger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Paul Frenger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Working Hypothesis, Inc., Houston, TX, USA","A Working Hypothesis Inc., Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Working Hypothesis, Inc., Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A Working Hypothesis Inc., Houston","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083851731"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"857","last_page":"862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.736035168170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.561598002910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5098504424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.4958854615688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guardian","display_name":"Guardian","score":0.4513203799724579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4439641237258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.41712331771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4145069718360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38875219225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19356152415275574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.736035168170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.561598002910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5098504424095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.4958854615688324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776680780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15964604","display_name":"Guardian","level":2,"score":0.4513203799724579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4439641237258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.41712331771850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4145069718360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38875219225883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19356152415275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2007.4341775","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116512198","https://openalex.org/W130700764","https://openalex.org/W1964212269","https://openalex.org/W1987250353","https://openalex.org/W2061450938","https://openalex.org/W2089700446","https://openalex.org/W2109586972","https://openalex.org/W2126456234","https://openalex.org/W2137099741","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2404608674","https://openalex.org/W2407985821","https://openalex.org/W2891600928","https://openalex.org/W4231626086","https://openalex.org/W4238552138","https://openalex.org/W6604688176","https://openalex.org/W6605237393","https://openalex.org/W6713511500","https://openalex.org/W6714253948","https://openalex.org/W6754482649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2495989387","https://openalex.org/W1964935100","https://openalex.org/W3183704944","https://openalex.org/W1671742159","https://openalex.org/W4231486762","https://openalex.org/W646220697","https://openalex.org/W2360859308","https://openalex.org/W2943504545","https://openalex.org/W1649706580","https://openalex.org/W3195608031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GRANNIE":[0],"2":[1],"is":[2,62],"the":[3,7],"latest":[4],"iteration":[5],"of":[6,80],"author's":[8],"artificial":[9],"intelligence-enhanced":[10],"robot":[11],"control":[12],"system.":[13],"Early":[14],"versions":[15],"provided":[16],"a":[17,51],"biologically":[18],"inspired,":[19],"object":[20],"oriented,":[21],"open":[22],"systems,":[23],"multiprocessor":[24],"network":[25],"to":[26,69],"support":[27],"android":[28],"or":[29],"simian":[30],"robots.":[31],"Later":[32],"extensions":[33],"assisted":[34],"with":[35,77],"research":[36],"into":[37],"human":[38],"growth":[39],"and":[40,45,48,75],"development,":[41],"simulated":[42],"hormone":[43],"action":[44],"drug":[46],"responses,":[47],"served":[49],"as":[50,65],"user-friendly":[52],"interface":[53],"for":[54,57],"medical":[55],"devices":[56],"patients.":[58],"The":[59],"current":[60],"system":[61],"being":[63],"developed":[64],"an":[66],"intelligent":[67],"agent":[68],"monitor":[70],"persons":[71],"via":[72,83],"communications":[73],"networks":[74],"assist":[76],"their":[78],"activities":[79],"daily":[81],"living,":[82],"any":[84],"available":[85],"machine-controllable":[86],"resources.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}