{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2219475422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","title":"VGuard: A distributed denial of service attack mitigation method using network function virtualization","display_name":"VGuard: A distributed denial of service attack mitigation method using network function virtualization","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2219475422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","mag":"2219475422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203568","display_name":"Carol Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carol J. Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028203069","display_name":"Bill McCormick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bill McCormick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001203568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97118867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"64","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.9057043790817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.8103700280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7939891815185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6864909529685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.616632878780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.570101797580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.5149732232093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4612158536911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.43959370255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.4126364588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prioritization","display_name":"Prioritization","score":0.41050955653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2563129961490631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.17505291104316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09626880288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.079144686460495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.9057043790817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.8103700280189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939891815185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6864909529685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.616632878780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.570101797580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.5149732232093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4612158536911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.43959370255470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.4126364588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777615720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11888847","display_name":"Prioritization","level":2,"score":0.41050955653190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2563129961490631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.17505291104316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09626880288124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.079144686460495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367340","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504453705","https://openalex.org/W1526572178","https://openalex.org/W1608415680","https://openalex.org/W1651117873","https://openalex.org/W1867219652","https://openalex.org/W1973687553","https://openalex.org/W2072410439","https://openalex.org/W2087853663","https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2097602077","https://openalex.org/W2098334439","https://openalex.org/W2117654928","https://openalex.org/W2119101903","https://openalex.org/W2125807466","https://openalex.org/W2136262545","https://openalex.org/W2136717145","https://openalex.org/W2155141181","https://openalex.org/W2155162297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W2038807247","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2898696280","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2921433547","https://openalex.org/W2791075267","https://openalex.org/W2097156747","https://openalex.org/W2292210693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"denial":[1],"of":[2,77,83,156,188],"service":[3,203],"(DDoS)":[4],"attacks":[5,20,25,33],"have":[6,65,213],"caused":[7],"tremendous":[8],"damage":[9],"to":[10,40,49,52,69,74,101,138,204],"ISPs":[11],"and":[12,24,161,180,210,216],"online":[13],"services.":[14],"They":[15],"can":[16,46,199],"be":[17,47,50,70],"divided":[18],"into":[19],"using":[21,26],"spoofed":[22],"IPs":[23,28,36],"real":[27,35],"(botnet).":[29],"Among":[30],"them":[31],"the":[32,43,75,81,84,133,177,181,186],"from":[34,132],"are":[37,136,151],"much":[38],"harder":[39],"mitigate":[41],"since":[42],"attack":[44,159],"traffic":[45,114],"fabricated":[48],"similar":[51],"legitimate":[53,149],"traffic.":[54],"The":[55,130],"corresponding":[56],"DDoS":[57,103,125,208],"defence":[58],"strategies":[59],"proposed":[60],"in":[61],"past":[62],"few":[63],"years":[64],"not":[66],"been":[67],"proven":[68],"highly":[71],"effective":[72],"due":[73],"limitation":[76],"participating":[78],"devices.":[79],"However,":[80],"emergence":[82],"next":[85],"generation":[86],"networking":[87],"technologies":[88],"such":[89],"a":[90,96,112,124],"network":[91,127],"function":[92,128],"virtualization":[93],"(NFV)":[94],"provide":[95,201],"new":[97],"opportunity":[98],"for":[99,165,174],"researchers":[100],"design":[102],"mitigation":[104],"solutions.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"paper":[108],"we":[109],"propose":[110,171],"VGuard,":[111],"dynamic":[113,182],"engineering":[115],"solution":[116],"based":[117,141],"on":[118,123,142],"prioritization,":[119],"which":[120],"is":[121],"implemented":[122],"virtual":[126],"(VNF).":[129],"flows":[131,150,160,163,206],"external":[134],"zone":[135],"directed":[137],"different":[139,219],"tunnels":[140],"their":[143,214],"priority":[144],"levels.":[145],"This":[146],"way":[147],"trusted":[148,205],"served":[152],"with":[153,167],"guaranteed":[154],"quality":[155],"service,":[157],"while":[158],"suspicious":[162],"compete":[164],"resources":[166],"each":[168],"other.":[169],"We":[170,184],"two":[172],"methods":[173,190,198,212],"flow":[175],"direction:":[176],"static":[178],"method":[179],"method.":[183],"evaluated":[185],"performance":[187],"both":[189,197,211],"through":[191],"simulation.":[192],"Our":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"effectively":[200],"satisfying":[202],"under":[207,218],"attacks,":[209],"pros":[215],"cons":[217],"situations.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
