{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2210790443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","title":"On orchestrating virtual network functions","display_name":"On orchestrating virtual network functions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2210790443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","mag":"2210790443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063379897","display_name":"Md. Faizul Bari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5915-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Faizul Bari","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055538536","display_name":"Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-2027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103440577","display_name":"Reaz Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reaz Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038723583","display_name":"Raouf Boutaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7936-6862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raouf Boutaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063379897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.1223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":291,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99878402,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8143155574798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.7309274673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6144037246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5913375020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5912607312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5632977485656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5493552088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.5338638424873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-processing","display_name":"Packet processing","score":0.5190939903259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.49763253331184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/networking-hardware","display_name":"Networking hardware","score":0.4761614501476288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4747874140739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-virtualization","display_name":"Network virtualization","score":0.4657277464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.45315834879875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.4361322820186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4224904477596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-address-translation","display_name":"Network address translation","score":0.422096312046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-packet-inspection","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","score":0.4155755043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2648158073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.24017295241355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22980788350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-protocol","display_name":"Internet Protocol","score":0.08398431539535522}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8143155574798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.7309274673461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6144037246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5913375020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5912607312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5632977485656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5493552088737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.5338638424873352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122997","display_name":"Packet processing","level":3,"score":0.5190939903259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.49763253331184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159631557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546066","display_name":"Networking hardware","level":2,"score":0.4761614501476288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4747874140739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.4657277464866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.45315834879875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.4361322820186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4224904477596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147873670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11182","display_name":"Network address translation","level":4,"score":0.422096312046051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204679922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q734252","display_name":"Deep packet inspection","level":3,"score":0.4155755043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2648158073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.24017295241355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22980788350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.08398431539535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnsm.2015.7367338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 11th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.707.9583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.707.9583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/%7Esr2chowd/papers/cnsm15_vnfop.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1435010830","https://openalex.org/W1506020101","https://openalex.org/W1564003397","https://openalex.org/W1601137190","https://openalex.org/W1657161880","https://openalex.org/W1997650479","https://openalex.org/W2000238032","https://openalex.org/W2000618761","https://openalex.org/W2002227246","https://openalex.org/W2008012571","https://openalex.org/W2043352445","https://openalex.org/W2060898162","https://openalex.org/W2105685892","https://openalex.org/W2115456330","https://openalex.org/W2123372830","https://openalex.org/W2130340794","https://openalex.org/W2136930733","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2144127235","https://openalex.org/W2148662748","https://openalex.org/W2163675618","https://openalex.org/W2168595508","https://openalex.org/W2177058407","https://openalex.org/W2398337226","https://openalex.org/W2487114213","https://openalex.org/W2947162011","https://openalex.org/W4246329366","https://openalex.org/W4248429016","https://openalex.org/W6628561984","https://openalex.org/W6635812898","https://openalex.org/W6637066680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080202421","https://openalex.org/W166608820","https://openalex.org/W2897477705","https://openalex.org/W2119461845","https://openalex.org/W2037047765","https://openalex.org/W3205941417","https://openalex.org/W1583843371","https://openalex.org/W815623786","https://openalex.org/W3099664062","https://openalex.org/W4281725433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Middleboxes":[0,39],"or":[1],"network":[2,144,193],"appliances":[3],"like":[4],"firewalls,":[5],"proxies,":[6],"and":[7,18,28,37,46,68,76,89,138,147,162],"WAN":[8],"optimizers":[9],"have":[10],"become":[11],"an":[12,87,164],"integral":[13],"part":[14],"of":[15,62,140,186,207,230],"today's":[16],"ISP":[17],"enterprise":[19],"networks.":[20],"Middlebox":[21],"functionalities":[22],"are":[23,120,203],"usually":[24],"deployed":[25],"on":[26,112,191],"expensive":[27],"proprietary":[29],"hardware":[30,107],"that":[31,92,142,196,202,214],"require":[32,53],"trained":[33],"personnel":[34],"for":[35,64],"deployment":[36,75],"maintenance.":[38],"contribute":[40],"significantly":[41],"to":[42,56,95,101,109,122,133,182],"a":[43,59,130,177,215,231],"network's":[44],"capital":[45],"operational":[47,145,228],"costs.":[48],"In":[49,115],"addition,":[50],"organizations":[51],"often":[52],"their":[54],"traffic":[55],"pass":[57],"through":[58],"specific":[60],"sequence":[61],"middleboxes":[63,108,119],"compliance":[65],"with":[66,170],"security":[67],"performance":[69],"policies.":[70],"This":[71],"makes":[72],"the":[73,135,157,197,208,227],"middlebox":[74],"maintenance":[77],"tasks":[78],"even":[79],"more":[80,221],"complicated.":[81],"Network":[82,125],"Function":[83],"Virtualization":[84],"(NFV)":[85],"is":[86,93,129],"emerging":[88],"promising":[90],"technology":[91],"envisioned":[94],"overcome":[96],"these":[97],"challenges.":[98],"It":[99,128],"proposes":[100],"move":[102],"packet":[103],"processing":[104],"from":[105],"dedicated":[106],"software":[110,118],"running":[111],"commodity":[113],"servers.":[114],"NFV":[116],"terminology,":[117],"referred":[121],"as":[123],"Virtual":[124],"Functions":[126],"(VNFs).":[127],"challenging":[131],"problem":[132],"determine":[134],"required":[136],"number":[137],"placement":[139],"VNFs":[141],"optimize":[143],"costs":[146],"utilization,":[148],"without":[149],"violating":[150],"service":[151],"level":[152],"agreements.":[153],"We":[154,174],"call":[155],"this":[156],"VNF":[158,216],"Orchestration":[159],"Problem":[160],"(VNF-OP)":[161],"provide":[163,176,200,220],"Integer":[165],"Linear":[166],"Programming":[167],"(ILP)":[168],"formulation":[169],"implementation":[171],"in":[172,226],"CPLEX.":[173],"also":[175],"dynamic":[178],"programming":[179],"based":[180,217],"heuristic":[181,198],"solve":[183],"larger":[184],"instances":[185],"VNF-OP.":[187],"Trace":[188],"driven":[189],"simulations":[190],"real-world":[192],"topologies":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"can":[199,219],"solutions":[201],"within":[204],"1.3":[205],"times":[206],"optimal":[209],"solution.":[210],"Our":[211],"experiments":[212],"suggest":[213],"approach":[218],"than":[222],"4":[223],"\u03c7":[224],"reduction":[225],"cost":[229],"network.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
