{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388191137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040","title":"VeriActor: Dynamic Generation of Challenge-Response Questions for Enhanced Email Sender Verification","display_name":"VeriActor: Dynamic Generation of Challenge-Response Questions for Enhanced Email Sender Verification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388191137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058313825","display_name":"Basel Abdeen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4059-1928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Basel Abdeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,School of Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science,Department of Computer Science,Richardson,TX,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,School of Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science,Department of Computer Science,Richardson,TX,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043893479","display_name":"Ehab Al\u2010Shaer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-8293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab Al-Shaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,School of Computer Science,S3 Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","S3 Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,School of Computer Science,S3 Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S3 Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034160563","display_name":"Waseem Shadid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-920X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waseem Shadid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Charlotte,College of Computing &#x0026; Informatics,SIS Department,Charlotte,NC,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte,College of Computing &#x0026; Informatics,SIS Department,Charlotte,NC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058313825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1748,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57231001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.6977626085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6827871799468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19899088144302368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.6977626085281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6827871799468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19899088144302368}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175854469","https://openalex.org/W1442570287","https://openalex.org/W2009073892","https://openalex.org/W2027558733","https://openalex.org/W2035395173","https://openalex.org/W2044751919","https://openalex.org/W2050920630","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251023158","https://openalex.org/W2514696089","https://openalex.org/W2518294942","https://openalex.org/W2890166583","https://openalex.org/W2891946694","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2962717047","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2972249387","https://openalex.org/W2976552083","https://openalex.org/W2989613245","https://openalex.org/W4288373939","https://openalex.org/W6607206061","https://openalex.org/W6691380699","https://openalex.org/W6749422740","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6760837195","https://openalex.org/W6887722639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2993833576","https://openalex.org/W2776877297","https://openalex.org/W3125718803","https://openalex.org/W2127920220","https://openalex.org/W3119288169","https://openalex.org/W2945097178","https://openalex.org/W4388741024","https://openalex.org/W3122953031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Challenge-response":[0],"mechanisms":[1],"have":[2],"become":[3],"widely":[4],"adopted":[5],"as":[6,30,44,93,110],"a":[7,20,31,79,214,224,230],"means":[8,32],"of":[9,22,42,161,164,189,202,210,227,233],"user":[10,215],"verification.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13,73,76],"process,":[14],"users":[15,134],"are":[16,126],"required":[17],"to":[18,33,51,64,116,128,140],"provide":[19],"set":[21],"challenge":[23,139,176],"questions,":[24],"with":[25,173,183,223],"their":[26],"actual":[27],"answers":[28],"serving":[29],"authenticate":[34],"the":[35,39,68,171,187,200,208],"user\u2019s":[36],"identity.":[37],"Despite":[38],"widespread":[40],"usability":[41],"challenge-response":[43,85,122],"an":[45,137,144,155],"authentication":[46],"mechanism,":[47],"it":[48],"remains":[49],"vulnerable":[50],"evasion":[52],"by":[53,132],"attackers":[54],"who":[55],"can":[56],"employ":[57],"social":[58],"engineering":[59],"tactics":[60],"or":[61,66,98],"gather":[62],"information":[63],"guess":[65],"steal":[67],"necessary":[69],"credentials.":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"inherent":[74],"challenge,":[75],"paper":[77],"presents":[78],"novel":[80],"technique":[81],"for":[82,149],"dynamically":[83],"generating":[84],"questions":[86,125,177],"based":[87,178],"on":[88,179],"authentic":[89,184],"historical":[90],"interactions,":[91],"such":[92,109],"daily":[94],"communication":[95],"via":[96],"email":[97,156,166,181],"messaging":[99],"platforms.":[100],"We":[101,198],"developed":[102,154],"deep":[103],"learning":[104],"models,":[105],"utilizing":[106],"language":[107],"models":[108],"BERT,":[111],"and":[112,118,213,229],"employed":[113],"semantic":[114],"analysis":[115],"extract":[117],"validate":[119],"highly":[120],"usable":[121],"questions.":[123],"These":[124],"designed":[127],"be":[129],"easily":[130],"answerable":[131],"legitimate":[133],"while":[135],"presenting":[136],"unpredictable":[138],"potential":[141],"attackers.":[142],"As":[143],"effective":[145],"use":[146,209],"case":[147],"demonstration":[148],"our":[150,203],"proposed":[151],"system,":[152,204],"we":[153],"sender":[157],"verification":[158,225],"system":[159,169],"capable":[160],"real-time":[162],"identification":[163,188],"suspicious":[165],"senders.":[167],"This":[168],"prompts":[170],"senders":[172],"carefully":[174],"crafted":[175],"previous":[180],"exchanges":[182],"users,":[185],"enabling":[186],"advanced":[190],"spear-phishing":[191],"emails":[192],"that":[193],"would":[194],"otherwise":[195],"remain":[196],"undetected.":[197],"evaluated":[199],"effectiveness":[201],"named":[205],"VeriActor,":[206],"through":[207],"annotated":[211],"datasets":[212],"study.":[216],"The":[217],"experimental":[218],"results":[219],"exhibited":[220],"promising":[221],"outcomes,":[222],"accuracy":[226,232],"87.8%":[228],"protection":[231],"83.33%.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
