{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387969950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003","title":"BeamSec: A Practical mmWave Physical Layer Security Scheme Against Strong Adversaries","display_name":"BeamSec: A Practical mmWave Physical Layer Security Scheme Against Strong Adversaries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387969950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090349370","display_name":"Afifa Ishtiaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0946-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Afifa Ishtiaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050542735","display_name":"Arash Asadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-4793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Asadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008060219","display_name":"Ladan Khaloopour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3008-2292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ladan Khaloopour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028079127","display_name":"Waqar Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5825-3137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087843323","display_name":"Vahid Jamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-7415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Jamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042405070","display_name":"Matthias Hollick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Hollick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit&#x00E4;t Darmstadt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090349370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65451157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7688696384429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7311159372329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6534709930419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5666757822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4823684096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4784660041332245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15330949425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14882156252861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14615613222122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.05806434154510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0479850172996521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7688696384429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7311159372329712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6534709930419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5666757822036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4823684096336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4784660041332245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15330949425697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14882156252861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14615613222122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.05806434154510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0479850172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns59707.2023.10289003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:141098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/141098/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096236228","https://openalex.org/W2142165404","https://openalex.org/W2170447227","https://openalex.org/W2188587999","https://openalex.org/W2311907317","https://openalex.org/W2755486826","https://openalex.org/W2765561517","https://openalex.org/W2766792752","https://openalex.org/W2830873201","https://openalex.org/W2892051286","https://openalex.org/W2923351305","https://openalex.org/W2946340226","https://openalex.org/W2962911767","https://openalex.org/W2976966118","https://openalex.org/W2995759687","https://openalex.org/W3033072436","https://openalex.org/W3036889073","https://openalex.org/W3091581043","https://openalex.org/W4200633554","https://openalex.org/W4213434963","https://openalex.org/W4229061086","https://openalex.org/W4287650993","https://openalex.org/W6685070646","https://openalex.org/W6698369844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975289146","https://openalex.org/W2105887828","https://openalex.org/W2122599759","https://openalex.org/W4236520801","https://openalex.org/W4286787716","https://openalex.org/W1537234410","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W3035129152","https://openalex.org/W1991205173","https://openalex.org/W1995022398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64],"high":[1],"directionality":[2],"of":[3,67,75,152,161,168],"millimeter-wave":[4],"(mmWave)":[5],"communication":[6],"systems":[7],"has":[8],"proven":[9],"effective":[10],"in":[11,60],"reducing":[12],"the":[13,20,30,41,54,61,73,110,125,153,162,169,178,188],"attack":[14,83],"surface":[15],"against":[16,37,80,181],"eavesdropping,":[17],"thus":[18],"improving":[19],"physical":[21],"layer":[22],"security.":[23],"However,":[24],"even":[25,56],"with":[26],"highly":[27],"directional":[28],"beams,":[29,146],"system":[31],"is":[32],"still":[33],"exposed":[34],"to":[35,52,132],"eavesdropping":[36,82],"adversaries":[38,58],"located":[39,59],"within":[40],"main":[42,62],"lobe.":[43,63],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,89],"propose":[48],"BeamSec,":[49],"a":[50,194],"solution":[51],"protect":[53],"users":[55],"from":[57],"key":[65],"feature":[66],"BeamSec":[68,102,176],"are:":[69],"(i)":[70],"Operating":[71],"without":[72],"knowledge":[74,151,167],"eavesdropper\u2019s":[76],"location/channel;":[77],"(ii)":[78],"Robustness":[79],"colluding":[81,184],"and":[84,106,112,156,183,186],"(iii)":[85],"Standard":[86],"compatibility,":[87],"which":[88],"prove":[90],"using":[91],"experiments":[92,173],"via":[93],"our":[94],"IEEE":[95],"802.11ad/ay-compatible":[96],"60":[97],"GHz":[98],"phased-array":[99],"testbed.":[100],"Methodologically,":[101],"first":[103],"identifies":[104],"uncorrelated":[105],"diverse":[107],"beampairs":[108,131],"between":[109],"transmitter":[111],"receiver":[113],"by":[114,191],"analyzing":[115],"signal":[116],"characteristics":[117],"available":[118],"through":[119],"standard-compliant":[120],"procedures.":[121],"Next,":[122],"it":[123],"encodes":[124],"information":[126,134],"jointly":[127],"over":[128,193],"all":[129],"selected":[130],"minimize":[133],"leakage.":[135],"We":[136],"study":[137],"two":[138],"methods":[139],"for":[140,159],"allocating":[141],"transmission":[142],"time":[143],"among":[144],"different":[145],"namely":[147],"uniform":[148],"allocation":[149,158],"(no":[150],"wireless":[154,170],"channel)":[155],"optimal":[157],"maximization":[160],"secrecy":[163,189],"rate":[164,190],"(with":[165],"partial":[166],"channel).":[171],"Our":[172],"show":[174],"that":[175],"outperforms":[177],"benchmark":[179],"schemes":[180],"single":[182],"eavesdroppers":[185],"enhances":[187],"79.8%":[192],"random":[195],"paths":[196],"selection":[197],"benchmark.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
