{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309676734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271","title":"Security Analysis of Mixed RF-FSO Blockage Attack Over Generalized RF Fading and Atmospheric Turbulence","display_name":"Security Analysis of Mixed RF-FSO Blockage Attack Over Generalized RF Fading and Atmospheric Turbulence","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309676734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012006111","display_name":"Neji Mensi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8495-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neji Mensi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046343080","display_name":"Danda B. Rawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danda B. Rawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689893","display_name":"Chunmei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-584X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137853757","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunmei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard University,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Washington,DC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012006111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137853757"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1829,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48545593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"344","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7119091749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.6609817147254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5510433912277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5283207297325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4556553363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4510495066642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.43964821100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3437131643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.295509397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28228139877319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2336978018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15948709845542908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7119091749191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.6609817147254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5510433912277222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5283207297325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4556553363800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4510495066642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.43964821100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3437131643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.295509397983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28228139877319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2336978018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15948709845542908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns56114.2022.9947271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2284002665","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-20-2-0277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313488","funder_display_name":"Howard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3004899274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1650831,HRD 1828811,DMS 2022448,CCF 0939370","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G656906550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-ST-062-000003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313488","display_name":"Howard University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gt1vc06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73186599","https://openalex.org/W1491247725","https://openalex.org/W1491420447","https://openalex.org/W1586237741","https://openalex.org/W1971792210","https://openalex.org/W2017661930","https://openalex.org/W2032818032","https://openalex.org/W2055224267","https://openalex.org/W2108332638","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2121164767","https://openalex.org/W2157915296","https://openalex.org/W2158519440","https://openalex.org/W2213478599","https://openalex.org/W2227924275","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2319383592","https://openalex.org/W2344547323","https://openalex.org/W2390017294","https://openalex.org/W2399724898","https://openalex.org/W2471223678","https://openalex.org/W2496787630","https://openalex.org/W2553468369","https://openalex.org/W2604281350","https://openalex.org/W2807781643","https://openalex.org/W2811057672","https://openalex.org/W2949629027","https://openalex.org/W2950997574","https://openalex.org/W2991520197","https://openalex.org/W3005270999","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3012466938","https://openalex.org/W3014415887","https://openalex.org/W3047842801","https://openalex.org/W3099127973","https://openalex.org/W3123545179","https://openalex.org/W3189514731","https://openalex.org/W3211517444","https://openalex.org/W4210430969","https://openalex.org/W4225790373","https://openalex.org/W4285107223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2785415239","https://openalex.org/W2040925369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,126,141],"this":[1,127,142],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,83,144,157,174],"examine":[4],"the":[5,10,22,56,60,63,76,93,97,106,112,116,133,139,147,152,163,176,185],"impact":[6,61],"of":[7,24,62,75,154,184],"blockage":[8,64,164],"on":[9,43,172],"mixed":[11],"dual-hop":[12,90],"RF/FSO":[13],"(radio":[14],"frequency":[15],"/":[16],"free-space":[17],"optical)":[18],"relaying":[19],"systems.":[20],"Despite":[21],"advantages":[23],"FSO":[25,57,107,134],"systems":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"immunity":[29],"to":[30,111,161],"interference,":[31],"security,":[32],"and":[33,48,52,71,115],"high":[34],"data":[35],"rate,":[36],"their":[37],"performances":[38],"have":[39],"a":[40,159],"strong":[41],"dependency":[42],"atmospheric":[44],"turbulences,":[45],"pointing":[46,113],"errors,":[47],"blockage.":[49,155],"Buildings,":[50],"trees,":[51],"birds":[53],"can":[54],"block":[55],"beam.":[58],"Consequently,":[59],"is":[65,69,109],"critical":[66],"when":[67],"it":[68],"premeditated":[70],"not":[72],"only":[73],"because":[74],"random":[77],"environment's":[78],"structure.":[79],"For":[80],"further":[81],"investigation,":[82],"consider":[84],"an":[85,168],"uplink":[86],"communication":[87],"scenario":[88],"with":[89],"RF/FSO,":[91],"where":[92],"RF":[94],"link":[95,108,135],"follows":[96],"generalized":[98],"Double":[99],"Shadowed":[100],"<tex":[101,122],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[102,123],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\kappa-\\mu$</tex>":[103],"model":[104],"while":[105,150],"subject":[110],"errors":[114],"turbulences-induced":[117],"fading":[118],"modeled":[119],"by":[120,166],"M\u00e1laga-":[121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathcal{M}$</tex>":[124],"distribution.":[125],"model,":[128],"N-drones":[129],"(attackers)":[130],"are":[131],"blocking":[132],"and,":[136],"hence":[137],"interrupting":[138],"communication.":[140],"context,":[143],"carefully":[145],"derive":[146,175],"outage":[148,177],"probability":[149,178],"emphasizing":[151],"effect":[153],"Moreover,":[156],"propose":[158],"solution":[160],"avoid":[162],"attack":[165],"considering":[167],"additional":[169],"FSO-hop.":[170],"Capitalizing":[171],"this,":[173],"for":[179],"triple-hop":[180],"(RF/FSO/FSO)":[181],"in":[182],"terms":[183],"multivariate":[186],"Fox-H":[187],"function.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
