{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887363919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","title":"Harnessing the Cloud for Secure and Efficient Outsourcing of Non-negative Matrix Factorization","display_name":"Harnessing the Cloud for Secure and Efficient Outsourcing of Non-negative Matrix Factorization","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887363919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","mag":"2887363919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102420961","display_name":"Shiran Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiran Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082689200","display_name":"Fangyu Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-2485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126530","display_name":"Data Assurance and Communication Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02z2gfm30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126530","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyu Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615235","display_name":"Wen\u2010Tao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-7722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126530","display_name":"Data Assurance and Communication Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02z2gfm30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126530","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Tao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011886723","display_name":"Qiongxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-8295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126530","display_name":"Data Assurance and Communication Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02z2gfm30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126530","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiongxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Assurance and Communication Security Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126530"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74505749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"401","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.8264029622077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.7771056890487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7690058946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7665172815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6252334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.578227698802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.5144360661506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.48229435086250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factoring","display_name":"Factoring","score":0.46606355905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.4622575640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4313161075115204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorization","display_name":"Factorization","score":0.42225056886672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.42068421840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3646823465824127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34789079427719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17309236526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10446184873580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09990140795707703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.8264029622077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.7771056890487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7690058946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7665172815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6252334117889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.578227698802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.5144360661506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.48229435086250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177225278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192674","display_name":"Factoring","level":2,"score":0.46606355905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.4622575640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4313161075115204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187834632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188804","display_name":"Factorization","level":2,"score":0.42225056886672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42068421840667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3646823465824127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34789079427719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17309236526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10446184873580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09990140795707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39762900","https://openalex.org/W1571821840","https://openalex.org/W1575173685","https://openalex.org/W1601098769","https://openalex.org/W1645165343","https://openalex.org/W1853017964","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1980147176","https://openalex.org/W2014143000","https://openalex.org/W2093909024","https://openalex.org/W2126326837","https://openalex.org/W2135029798","https://openalex.org/W2136624667","https://openalex.org/W2145166073","https://openalex.org/W2153486647","https://openalex.org/W2168446235","https://openalex.org/W2325416986","https://openalex.org/W2409809914","https://openalex.org/W2504389705","https://openalex.org/W2569378140","https://openalex.org/W2603709774","https://openalex.org/W3143596294","https://openalex.org/W4301491118","https://openalex.org/W6601633812","https://openalex.org/W6634462068","https://openalex.org/W6991377603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390394189","https://openalex.org/W2037504162","https://openalex.org/W2539013788","https://openalex.org/W2792706544","https://openalex.org/W1568451138","https://openalex.org/W2156699640","https://openalex.org/W2045265907","https://openalex.org/W2972997031","https://openalex.org/W34555840","https://openalex.org/W2146544734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-negative":[0],"matrix":[1,11,115],"factorization":[2],"(NMF)":[3],"is":[4,140],"the":[5,13,51,60,72,76,79,84,98,125,167],"task":[6,62,81,127,168],"of":[7,15,32,74,101],"factoring":[8],"a":[9,56,64,102,119,129,162],"non-negative":[10,18],"into":[12],"product":[14],"two":[16],"(smaller)":[17],"matrices.":[19],"As":[20],"an":[21],"important":[22],"data":[23,150],"analysis":[24,135],"technique,":[25],"NMF":[26,37,61,80,104,126],"finds":[27],"applications":[28],"in":[29,128],"many":[30,70],"areas":[31],"science":[33],"and":[34,43,75,117,143,148],"engineering.":[35],"Real-world":[36],"tasks":[38],"often":[39],"involve":[40],"large-scale":[41],"matrices":[42],"incur":[44],"expensive":[45],"computation":[46],"costs.":[47],"Consequently,":[48],"we":[49,95,112],"consider":[50],"cloud":[52],"computing":[53],"paradigm,":[54],"where":[55],"resource-constrained":[57],"client":[58,163],"outsources":[59],"to":[63,78,161],"powerful":[65],"but":[66,164],"untrustworthy":[67],"cloud.":[68],"In":[69,92],"applications,":[71],"input":[73],"solution":[77],"usually":[82],"contain":[83],"client's":[85],"private":[86],"information,":[87],"which":[88,122],"necessitates":[89],"privacy-preserving":[90],"outsourcing.":[91],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"first":[96],"reveal":[97],"privacy":[99,110],"breaches":[100],"recent":[103],"outsourcing":[105],"scheme.":[106],"Then,":[107],"for":[108],"enhanced":[109],"protection,":[111],"employ":[113],"certain":[114],"transformations":[116],"present":[118],"new":[120],"construction,":[121],"can":[123],"solve":[124],"masked":[130],"yet":[131],"verifiable":[132],"manner.":[133],"Theoretical":[134],"shows":[136],"that":[137,152],"our":[138,153],"proposal":[139,154],"cheating-resistant,":[141],"recoverable,":[142],"privacy-preserving.":[144],"Experiments":[145],"on":[146],"synthetic":[147],"real-world":[149],"demonstrate":[151],"not":[155],"only":[156],"brings":[157],"significant":[158],"cost":[159],"savings":[160],"also":[165],"accelerates":[166],"solving.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}