{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2885426851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","title":"A Search-based Firmware Code Analysis Method for IoT Devices","display_name":"A Search-based Firmware Code Analysis Method for IoT Devices","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2885426851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","mag":"2885426851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781348","display_name":"Yifei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-2518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116691928","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801555","display_name":"Pengfei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-016X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060526586","display_name":"Hong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4414-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100781348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63263277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.9864951372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7650988698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6589200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.642969012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6089751720428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcode","display_name":"Microcode","score":0.6040762066841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.49423840641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assembly-language","display_name":"Assembly language","score":0.46780896186828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.46163487434387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43823033571243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4011435806751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.34911006689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22269684076309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18137601017951965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.9864951372146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7650988698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6589200496673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.642969012260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6089751720428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.6040762066841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.49423840641975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50831359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165436","display_name":"Assembly language","level":3,"score":0.46780896186828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.46163487434387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43823033571243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4011435806751251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.34911006689071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22269684076309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18137601017951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2018.8433163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985653499","https://openalex.org/W2783169723","https://openalex.org/W2791541601","https://openalex.org/W6747810777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966431236","https://openalex.org/W608147619","https://openalex.org/W2026551898","https://openalex.org/W1984676852","https://openalex.org/W2068967940","https://openalex.org/W4252104358","https://openalex.org/W2062160093","https://openalex.org/W2025981307","https://openalex.org/W1998626163","https://openalex.org/W2056006243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"firmware":[1,37,56],"vulnerability":[2,78],"is":[3,16,41,62,82],"one":[4,77],"of":[5,25,57,72,79,92],"the":[6,23,29,45,49,53,55,69,90],"most":[7],"serious":[8],"threats":[9],"for":[10],"Internet-of-Things":[11],"(IoT)":[12],"security.":[13],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"hard":[17],"to":[18,22,43,64,67,88],"investigate":[19],"firmware,":[20],"due":[21],"lack":[24],"source":[26],"code":[27,38,71],"and":[28],"complicated":[30],"structure.":[31],"In":[32,52],"this":[33,80],"paper,":[34],"a":[35],"searchbased":[36],"analysis":[39],"method":[40],"proposed":[42],"associate":[44],"program":[46],"functionalities":[47],"with":[48],"assembly":[50,70],"code.":[51],"experiment,":[54],"Siemens":[58],"PAC4200":[59],"power":[60],"meter":[61],"selected":[63],"demonstrate":[65],"how":[66],"search":[68],"device":[73],"information":[74],"interface.":[75],"Moreover,":[76],"interface":[81],"shown,":[83],"which":[84],"would":[85],"be":[86],"exploited":[87],"manipulate":[89],"data":[91],"device.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
