{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2776199324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","title":"Securing balise-based train control systems using cryptographic random fountains","display_name":"Securing balise-based train control systems using cryptographic random fountains","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2776199324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","mag":"2776199324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Harshan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Harshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025389734","display_name":"Sang\u2010Yoon Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5736-5823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Yoon Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Colorado Springs, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Colorado Springs, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103193738","display_name":"Seungmin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-7930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungmin Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019677106","display_name":"Yih\u2010Chun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-3929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108443","display_name":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xaqx887","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yih-Chun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25073224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"405","last_page":"410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13615","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Safety","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6388741731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.597678542137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3792901635169983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6388741731643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.597678542137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3792901635169983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337167","display_name":"Direktorat Riset and Pengembangan, Universitas Indonesia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514141030","https://openalex.org/W1515073590","https://openalex.org/W1968334056","https://openalex.org/W1993575553","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2129542355","https://openalex.org/W2139392084","https://openalex.org/W2163354454","https://openalex.org/W2509054562","https://openalex.org/W2625250680","https://openalex.org/W3097727600","https://openalex.org/W6630729764","https://openalex.org/W6739432268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W4248806346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"modern":[1],"train":[2,7,104,161],"control":[3],"systems,":[4],"a":[5,75,121,170],"moving":[6],"retrieves":[8],"its":[9,106,178],"location":[10,77],"information":[11,44],"through":[12],"passive":[13],"transponders":[14],"called":[15],"balises,":[16],"which":[17,42],"are":[18,53],"placed":[19],"on":[20],"the":[21,24,30,46,51,56,59,63,79,87,94,103,110,114,153,160,163,189],"sleepers":[22],"of":[23,78,113,136,150,155,174,192],"track":[25],"at":[26,74],"regular":[27],"intervals.":[28],"When":[29],"train-borne":[31],"antenna":[32],"energizes":[33],"them":[34],"using":[35],"tele-powering":[36],"signals,":[37],"balises":[38,64],"backscatter":[39],"preprogrammed":[40],"telegrams,":[41],"carry":[43],"about":[45,105],"train's":[47],"current":[48],"location.":[49],"Since":[50],"telegrams":[52,138,143],"static":[54],"in":[55],"existing":[57],"implementations,":[58],"uplink":[60],"signals":[61],"from":[62],"could":[65],"be":[66],"recorded":[67],"by":[68],"an":[69,91],"adversary":[70],"and":[71,162],"then":[72],"replayed":[73],"different":[76],"track,":[80],"leading":[81],"to":[82,102,126,176,180],"what":[83],"is":[84,97,152],"well-known":[85],"as":[86,127],"replay":[88,183],"attack.":[89],"Such":[90],"attack,":[92],"while":[93],"legitimate":[95],"balise":[96,164],"still":[98],"functional,":[99],"introduces":[100],"ambiguity":[101],"location,":[107],"can":[108],"impact":[109],"physical":[111],"operations":[112],"trains.":[115],"For":[116],"balise-to-train":[117],"communication,":[118],"we":[119,186],"propose":[120],"new":[122],"communication":[123,166],"framework":[124],"referred":[125],"cryptographic":[128],"random":[129,145],"fountains":[130],"(CRF),":[131],"where":[132],"each":[133],"balise,":[134],"instead":[135],"transmitting":[137],"with":[139],"fixed":[140],"information,":[141],"transmits":[142],"containing":[144],"signals.":[146],"A":[147],"salient":[148],"feature":[149],"CRF":[151,175],"use":[154],"challenge-response":[156],"based":[157],"interaction":[158],"between":[159],"for":[165],"integrity.":[167],"We":[168],"present":[169],"thorough":[171],"security":[172],"analysis":[173],"showcase":[177],"ability":[179],"mitigate":[181],"sophisticated":[182],"attacks.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"also":[187],"discuss":[188],"implementation":[190],"aspects":[191],"our":[193],"framework.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}