{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2780780573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","title":"An efficient MQTT framework for control and protection of networked cyber-physical systems","display_name":"An efficient MQTT framework for control and protection of networked cyber-physical systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2780780573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","mag":"2780780573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076188397","display_name":"Utku Ozgur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3838-9133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Utku Ozgur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058094208","display_name":"Harikrishnan T. Nair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikrishnan T. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027825106","display_name":"Aditya Sundararajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3577-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Sundararajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078029373","display_name":"Kemal Akkaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7103-4545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Akkaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010427742","display_name":"Arif I. Sarwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif I. Sarwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"421","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9230302572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.8397976160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.8231006264686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7549689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.669658362865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-queue","display_name":"Message queue","score":0.5611006617546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.506351113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5033144354820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4486706554889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3972246050834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21887508034706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1188119649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.11184766888618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08834958076477051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9230302572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.8397976160049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.8231006264686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7549689412117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.669658362865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26324664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065525","display_name":"Message queue","level":2,"score":0.5611006617546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.506351113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5033144354820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4486706554889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3972246050834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21887508034706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1188119649887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.11184766888618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08834958076477051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228674","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528996953","https://openalex.org/W1549868820","https://openalex.org/W2003677466","https://openalex.org/W2011284636","https://openalex.org/W2035172813","https://openalex.org/W2051054517","https://openalex.org/W2052936580","https://openalex.org/W2062973696","https://openalex.org/W2070141626","https://openalex.org/W2074742023","https://openalex.org/W2116065935","https://openalex.org/W2129035245","https://openalex.org/W2136460031","https://openalex.org/W2157078218","https://openalex.org/W2290548754","https://openalex.org/W2345057575","https://openalex.org/W2460672064","https://openalex.org/W2963459078","https://openalex.org/W3184977117","https://openalex.org/W4242916712","https://openalex.org/W4293454977","https://openalex.org/W6683385565","https://openalex.org/W6799529252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808909086","https://openalex.org/W2594893198","https://openalex.org/W2920851310","https://openalex.org/W3191127435","https://openalex.org/W4392109326","https://openalex.org/W4214846370","https://openalex.org/W4379141734","https://openalex.org/W4296712975","https://openalex.org/W2782567402","https://openalex.org/W2953647658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"more":[1],"components":[2],"of":[3,20,71,186],"Cyber-Physical":[4],"Systems":[5],"(CPSes)":[6],"get":[7],"interconnected,":[8],"their":[9,39],"protection":[10],"becomes":[11],"imperative.":[12],"For":[13],"instance,":[14],"Networked":[15],"CPSes":[16,22],"(NCPSes)":[17],"which":[18,126],"consist":[19],"multiple":[21],"have":[23],"greater":[24],"attack":[25,47,61,64,135],"surfaces":[26],"given":[27],"the":[28,36,116,123,129,134,138,157,184,195],"added":[29],"communication":[30,139,197],"layer":[31],"among":[32],"member":[33],"CPSes,":[34],"and":[35,41,144,168,193,212],"inter-dependency":[37],"between":[38],"physical":[40,169],"cyber":[42,167],"subsystems.":[43],"In":[44],"particular,":[45],"an":[46,82],"on":[48,150,190],"one":[49],"subsystem":[50],"may":[51],"affect":[52],"both.":[53],"While":[54],"there":[55],"are":[56,148],"many":[57],"studies":[58],"for":[59,110,122],"CPS":[60,91,125],"mitigations,":[62],"NCPS":[63,83,207],"scenarios":[65,164],"were":[66],"under-explored":[67],"due":[68],"to":[69,216],"limitations":[70],"testbed":[72],"development":[73],"capabilities.":[74],"To":[75,132],"address":[76],"this":[77,80,151],"need,":[78],"in":[79,174,182,210],"paper,":[81],"environment":[84],"comprising":[85],"two":[86],"remote,":[87],"identical":[88],"IEEE":[89],"9-bus":[90],"testbeds":[92],"is":[93,96,127],"created.":[94],"It":[95],"connected":[97],"over":[98],"a":[99,191],"unique":[100],"framework":[101,198],"that":[102,171,206],"uses":[103],"Message":[104],"Queueing":[105],"Telemetry":[106],"Transport":[107],"(MQTT)":[108],"protocol":[109],"secure":[111],"communication.":[112],"One":[113],"CPS,":[114],"called":[115,128],"\u201ccontrolling\u201d":[117],"testbed,":[118],"provides":[119],"relay":[120],"settings":[121],"other":[124],"\u201ccontrolled\u201d":[130],"testbed.":[131,153],"analyze":[133],"behaviors,":[136],"at":[137,165],"level,":[140],"message":[141],"integrity,":[142],"delay":[143],"packet":[145],"drop":[146],"attacks":[147,155,189,215],"conducted":[149],"controlled":[152],"These":[154],"trip":[156],"testbed's":[158],"relays,":[159],"triggering":[160],"four":[161],"coordinated,":[162],"sequential":[163],"both":[166],"subsystems":[170],"ultimately":[172],"result":[173],"cascading":[175],"failures.":[176],"The":[177,202],"paper's":[178],"primary":[179],"contribution":[180],"lies":[181],"demonstrating":[183],"feasibility":[185],"coordinated":[187],"cyber-physical":[188],"NCPS,":[192],"evaluating":[194],"proposed":[196],"under":[199],"such":[200],"scenarios.":[201],"experiment":[203],"results":[204],"indicate":[205],"brings":[208],"advantages":[209],"detecting":[211],"mitigating":[213],"known":[214],"CPSes.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
