{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2612900461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","title":"Fundamental limits of covert communication over MIMO AWGN channel","display_name":"Fundamental limits of covert communication over MIMO AWGN channel","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2612900461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","mag":"2612900461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.02303","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054659528","display_name":"Amr Abdelaziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-3653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amr Abdelaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030047891","display_name":"C. Emre Koksal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-4446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Emre Koksal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054659528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7274,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72604114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7903222441673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.603227436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5487734079360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5218478441238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4994180202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4897289574146271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.45495855808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.43980374932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.43195363879203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4226503074169159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirty-paper-coding","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","score":0.4217090606689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3275078237056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3056586980819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2890194356441498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.2290840446949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.21212619543075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1694258749485016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.15265190601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11895272135734558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7903222441673279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.603227436542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5487734079360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5218478441238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4994180202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4897289574146271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.45495855808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.43980374932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43195363879203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4226503074169159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780186295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305007","display_name":"Dirty paper coding","level":5,"score":0.4217090606689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3275078237056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3056586980819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2890194356441498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.2290840446949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.21212619543075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1694258749485016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.15265190601348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11895272135734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cns.2017.8228657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1705.02303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1705.02303","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.02303","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2612900461","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.02303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1705.02303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.02303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1705.02303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1705.02303","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1705.02303","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811237814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2990818776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3450788014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4776870722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5501761068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4-16-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5789372060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1514260","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6874396958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1618566","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2612900461.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2612900461.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636358068","https://openalex.org/W1897081267","https://openalex.org/W1975181717","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2045638068","https://openalex.org/W2084796966","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2110156410","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2130684118","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2145577744","https://openalex.org/W2145615204","https://openalex.org/W2153673227","https://openalex.org/W2952155237","https://openalex.org/W2963423413","https://openalex.org/W2963991642","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3104101844","https://openalex.org/W6633044140","https://openalex.org/W6681499959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123708127","https://openalex.org/W3122007543","https://openalex.org/W2951609677","https://openalex.org/W2103977707","https://openalex.org/W2849285870","https://openalex.org/W2963962451","https://openalex.org/W159448688","https://openalex.org/W3022173402","https://openalex.org/W97208371","https://openalex.org/W2253519797","https://openalex.org/W2949618693","https://openalex.org/W1611822878","https://openalex.org/W2406285064","https://openalex.org/W3195710257","https://openalex.org/W3135158731","https://openalex.org/W2950557998","https://openalex.org/W2963736085","https://openalex.org/W2952492923","https://openalex.org/W3157098623","https://openalex.org/W2160431647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fundamental":[0],"limits":[1,84],"of":[2,11,38,60,69,85,163,180,189,229,235],"covert":[3,61],"communication":[4,87],"have":[5],"been":[6],"studied":[7],"for":[8,108,177,205],"different":[9],"models":[10],"scalar":[12],"channels.":[13],"It":[14],"was":[15],"shown":[16],"that,":[17,123,195],"over":[18,28,88],"n":[19],"independent":[20],"channel":[21,31,140,148,181],"uses,":[22],"O(\u221an)":[23],"bits":[24],"can":[25,112,254],"transmitted":[26],"reliably":[27],"a":[29,246,260],"public":[30],"while":[32,217],"achieving":[33],"an":[34],"arbitrarily":[35],"low":[36,262],"probability":[37],"detection":[39],"(LPD)":[40],"by":[41],"other":[42],"stations.":[43],"This":[44],"result":[45,237],"is":[46,133,238],"well":[47],"known":[48],"as":[49,98],"the":[50,73,76,83,89,104,110,124,134,146,150,154,164,169,174,178,187,197,206,214,227,242,250],"square-root":[51,201],"law":[52,202],"and":[53,75,115,186],"even":[54],"to":[55,244,259],"achieve":[56],"this":[57,79],"diminishing":[58],"rate":[59],"communication,":[62],"all":[63],"existing":[64],"studies":[65],"utilized":[66],"some":[67],"form":[68],"secret":[70],"shared":[71],"between":[72],"transmitter":[74,111],"receiver.":[77],"In":[78,93],"paper,":[80],"we":[81,102,152],"establish":[82],"LPD":[86,100,116],"MIMO":[90,207,212,240],"AWGN":[91],"channel.":[92],"particular,":[94],"using":[95],"relative":[96],"entropy":[97],"our":[99,236],"metric,":[101],"study":[103],"maximum":[105],"codebook":[106,126,170,215],"size":[107],"which":[109],"guarantee":[113],"reliability":[114],"conditions":[117],"are":[118],"met.":[119],"We":[120,167,193],"first":[121],"show":[122,194],"optimal":[125,155],"generating":[127],"input":[128,156],"distribution":[129],"under":[130],"\u03b4-PD":[131],"constraint":[132],"zero-mean":[135],"Gaussian":[136],"distribution.":[137],"Then,":[138],"assuming":[139],"state":[141],"information":[142],"(CSI)":[143],"on":[144],"only":[145],"main":[147],"at":[149],"transmitter,":[151],"derive":[153],"covariance":[157],"matrix,":[158],"hence,":[159],"establishing":[160],"scaling":[161,171],"laws":[162],"codebbok":[165],"size.":[166],"evaluate":[168],"rates":[172],"in":[173,196,210,249],"limiting":[175],"regimes":[176],"number":[179,188,228],"uses":[182],"(asymptotic":[183],"block":[184],"length)":[185],"antennas":[190],"(massive":[191],"MIMO).":[192],"asymptotic":[198],"block-length":[199],"regime,":[200],"still":[203],"holds":[204],"AWGN.":[208],"Meanwhile,":[209],"massive":[211],"limit,":[213],"size,":[216],"it":[218,223],"scales":[219,224],"linearly":[220],"with":[221,226],"\u221an,":[222],"exponentially":[225],"transmitting":[230],"antennas.":[231],"The":[232],"practical":[233],"implication":[234],"that":[239,253],"has":[241],"potential":[243],"provide":[245],"substantial":[247],"increase":[248],"file":[251],"sizes":[252],"be":[255],"covertly":[256],"communicated":[257],"subject":[258],"reasonably":[261],"delay.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}