{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147457102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209","title":"Hybrid transmission of SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals in 220GHz terahertz band based on BP DSM and two-stage all-analog frequency conversion","display_name":"Hybrid transmission of SC-QAM and OFDM-QAM signals in 220GHz terahertz band based on BP DSM and two-stage all-analog frequency conversion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147457102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 International Conference on Communication Networks and Machine Learning (CNML)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059108293","display_name":"Huichen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106689365","display_name":"Xuanqing Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanqing Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100388775","display_name":"Jiawei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-0152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132658732","display_name":"Yukai Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yukai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039397442","display_name":"Xianshuang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianshuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132694227","display_name":"Yujie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132712479","display_name":"Chengang Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112727157","display_name":"Jiahao Bi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132653754","display_name":"Tangyao Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tangyao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132583101","display_name":"Xiaolong Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609638","display_name":"Xinying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-5439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132580554","display_name":"Xiangjun Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjun Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Information and Electronics,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059108293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87534532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"118","last_page":"123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.23119999468326569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.23119999468326569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.12210000306367874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.09080000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-transmission","display_name":"Analog transmission","score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.3889000117778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22676131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751065","display_name":"Analog transmission","level":4,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C343090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165504","display_name":"Continuous phase modulation","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777973058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477284","display_name":"Amplitude-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55857970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4156818","display_name":"Minimum-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3037000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96157337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391639","display_name":"Polyphase system","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52773712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175022","display_name":"Digital signal","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163996819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166054","display_name":"Frequency-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cnml68938.2026.11453209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 International Conference on Communication Networks and Machine Learning (CNML)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323110","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335581","display_name":"Young Scientists Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003884556","https://openalex.org/W2068980804","https://openalex.org/W2893194484","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W3015537980","https://openalex.org/W3110859203","https://openalex.org/W3193761417","https://openalex.org/W4309170339","https://openalex.org/W4317213423","https://openalex.org/W4318955157","https://openalex.org/W4327947324","https://openalex.org/W4392376969","https://openalex.org/W4401806879","https://openalex.org/W4405488311","https://openalex.org/W4410778818"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,22,60,87,148,150,177,190,201,205,211,232,245,250,259,262,271,274,287,291,295,300,305,309,317,324,334],"problems":[3],"of":[4,14,67,113,167,181,193,200,210,234,240,249,261,273,277,290,308,339],"complex":[5],"architecture,":[6],"significant":[7],"signal":[8,154,169,252,265],"interference,":[9],"and":[10,28,54,74,84,99,130,164,214,225,303,313,336],"weak":[11],"anti-noise":[12],"performance":[13],"high-order":[15,68,182],"quadrature":[16,120],"amplitude":[17],"modulation":[18,51,247],"(QAM)":[19],"signals":[20,70,88,105,115,125,138,217,279],"in":[21],"terahertz":[23],"(THz)":[24],"band":[25,42],"single-carrier":[26],"(SC)":[27],"orthogonal":[29],"frequency":[30,57,192,320],"division":[31],"multiplexing":[32],"(OFDM)":[33],"hybrid":[34,44],"transmission":[35,45,272],"system,":[36],"this":[37,62],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"a":[40,143,165,329],"THz":[41,119,136,152,340],"SC-OFDM":[43],"scheme":[46,63,285],"based":[47],"on":[48],"band-pass":[49],"delta-sigma":[50],"(BP":[52],"DSM)":[53],"two-stage":[55,131,158,318],"all-analog":[56,132,159,319],"conversion.":[58],"At":[59,147],"transmitter,":[61],"generates":[64],"two":[65,92,111,179,275],"channels":[66,112,180,276],"QAM":[69,183,246,278],"modulated":[71],"by":[72,293,315],"SC":[73,212,263],"OFDM":[75,215,251],"respectively":[76],"through":[77,157],"software":[78,301],"programming;":[79],"after":[80],"interpolation":[81],"filtering,":[82],"oversampling":[83],"digital":[85,168],"up-conversion,":[86],"are":[89,116,139,218],"fed":[90],"into":[91,101,118],"parallel":[93],"1-bit":[94],"discrete-time":[95],"BP":[96,194,296],"DSM":[97,195,297],"modulators":[98],"quantized":[100],"on-off":[102],"keying":[103,123],"(OOK)":[104],"with":[106],"only":[107],"\u00b11":[108],"levels.":[109],"The":[110,134,283],"OOK":[114],"converted":[117],"phase":[121],"shift":[122],"(QPSK)":[124],"via":[126],"digital-to-analog":[127],"conversion":[128,162,321],"(DAC)":[129],"up-conversion.":[133],"resultant":[135],"QPSK":[137,153],"then":[140],"transmitted":[141],"over":[142],"1-meter":[144],"wireless":[145],"link.":[146],"receiver,":[149],"received":[151],"is":[155,196,253,280],"processed":[156],"down-conversion,":[160],"analog-to-digital":[161],"(ADC)":[163],"series":[166],"processing":[170],"(DSP)":[171],"procedures,":[172],"so":[173],"as":[174,219,221],"to":[175,198,257],"recover":[176],"original":[178],"signals.":[184],"Experimental":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"that":[188,270],"when":[189],"up-conversion":[191],"set":[197],"1/4":[199],"DAC":[202,312],"sampling":[203],"rate,":[204],"bit":[206],"error":[207,237],"rates":[208],"(BER)":[209],"512QAM":[213,216,264],"low":[220],"9.65\u00d710<sup":[222],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[223,227,242],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-4</sup>":[224],"1.69\u00d710<sup":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>,":[228],"respectively,":[229],"both":[230],"meeting":[231],"threshold":[233],"hard-decision":[235],"forward":[236],"correction":[238],"(HD-FEC)":[239],"3.8\u00d710<sup":[241],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>.":[243],"When":[244],"order":[248],"increased":[254],"from":[255],"64":[256],"1024,":[258],"BER":[260],"remains":[266],"unchanged,":[267],"which":[268],"verifies":[269],"mutually":[281],"independent.":[282],"proposed":[284],"enhances":[286],"anti-interference":[288],"capability":[289],"system":[292,310],"adopting":[294],"technology":[298,322],"at":[299,323],"level,":[302,326],"reduces":[304],"bandwidth":[306],"requirements":[307],"for":[311,333],"ADC":[314],"employing":[316],"hardware":[325],"thereby":[327],"providing":[328],"feasible":[330],"technical":[331],"approach":[332],"high-flexibility":[335],"low-complexity":[337],"applications":[338],"communication.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
