{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142586927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","title":"Reducing risks of widespread faults and attacks for commercial software applications: towards diversity of software components","display_name":"Reducing risks of widespread faults and attacks for commercial software applications: towards diversity of software components","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142586927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","mag":"2142586927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055694969","display_name":"Marco Casassa Mont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7611-6947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Casassa Mont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019580416","display_name":"Amelia A. Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067929028","display_name":"Yolanta Beres","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Beres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042799872","display_name":"Keith Harrison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Harrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085952077","display_name":"M. Sadler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013373237","display_name":"Simon Shiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1324840837","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059rn9488","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156325","display_name":"Hewlett-Packard (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05g4mtv59","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Shiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett Packard Laboratories, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hewlett-Packard Labs,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055694969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1324840837","https://openalex.org/I4210156325"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22706948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"271","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7169923186302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survivability","display_name":"Survivability","score":0.6592296957969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5978305339813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5976069569587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.552318274974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.502741813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.4743988513946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4654885530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4353402256965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39126056432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.37543272972106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16306737065315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.10289961099624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.0677119791507721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7169923186302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781133158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088669","display_name":"Survivability","level":2,"score":0.6592296957969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5978305339813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5976069569587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.552318274974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.502741813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.4743988513946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4654885530471802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4353402256965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39126056432724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.37543272972106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16306737065315247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10289961099624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.0677119791507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cmpsac.2002.1044562","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171122762","https://openalex.org/W279075722","https://openalex.org/W1583066604","https://openalex.org/W1829945313","https://openalex.org/W1905756341","https://openalex.org/W2042609034","https://openalex.org/W2095767682","https://openalex.org/W2102205362","https://openalex.org/W2115554012","https://openalex.org/W2129376593","https://openalex.org/W2146068675","https://openalex.org/W2159765281","https://openalex.org/W3022843209","https://openalex.org/W6634771435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141388993","https://openalex.org/W1978034799","https://openalex.org/W2999607548","https://openalex.org/W2956597637","https://openalex.org/W2293245356","https://openalex.org/W23486959","https://openalex.org/W1588942021","https://openalex.org/W4384518368","https://openalex.org/W2155353733","https://openalex.org/W4225160120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"IT":[1],"attacks":[2],"demonstrated":[3],"how":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"consumers":[6],"and":[7,13,20,35,57,75,80],"enterprises":[8],"are":[9,41,69],"when":[10],"adopting":[11],"commercial":[12],"widely":[14],"deployed":[15],"operating":[16],"systems,":[17],"software":[18,24,91],"applications":[19,25,92],"solutions.":[21],"Diversity":[22],"in":[23],"is":[26],"fundamental":[27],"to":[28,33,39,85],"increase":[29],"chances":[30],"of":[31,47,50,60,64],"survivability":[32],"faults":[34],"attacks.":[36],"Current":[37],"approaches":[38],"diversity":[40,87],"mainly":[42,71],"based":[43],"on":[44],"the":[45,51,58,65],"development":[46],"multiple":[48],"versions":[49],"same":[52],"software,":[53],"their":[54],"parallel":[55],"execution":[56],"usage":[59],"voting":[61],"mechanisms.":[62],"Because":[63],"high":[66],"cost,":[67],"they":[68],"used":[70],"for":[72,88],"very":[73],"critical":[74],"special":[76],"cases.":[77],"We":[78,97],"introduce":[79],"discuss":[81],"an":[82],"alternative":[83],"method":[84],"ensure":[86],"common":[89],"widespread":[90],"without":[93],"requiring":[94],"additional":[95],"resources.":[96],"describe":[98],"a":[99],"few":[100],"encouraging":[101],"results":[102],"obtained":[103],"from":[104],"simulations.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
