{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2987743457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","title":"FluentPS: A Parameter Server Design with Low-frequency Synchronization for Distributed Deep Learning","display_name":"FluentPS: A Parameter Server Design with Low-frequency Synchronization for Distributed Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2987743457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","mag":"2987743457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843195","display_name":"Yao Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7216-1178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006604609","display_name":"Xueyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-1641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113952625","display_name":"Cho\u2010Li Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cho-Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8624886274337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.8160649538040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7875176668167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-synchronization","display_name":"Data synchronization","score":0.6701077222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6499876976013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6493250131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5841208100318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5295119285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44566264748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3367718458175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24419575929641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.12409406900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11339214444160461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8624886274337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.8160649538040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7875176668167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108734733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172333","display_name":"Data synchronization","level":3,"score":0.6701077222824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6499876976013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6493250131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5841208100318909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5295119285583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44566264748573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3367718458175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24419575929641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.12409406900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11339214444160461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cluster.2019.8891038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156208468","https://openalex.org/W161377760","https://openalex.org/W1442374986","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1652793671","https://openalex.org/W1833917188","https://openalex.org/W1969805974","https://openalex.org/W2045271686","https://openalex.org/W2060393849","https://openalex.org/W2083842231","https://openalex.org/W2113547287","https://openalex.org/W2132737349","https://openalex.org/W2138996412","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2186615578","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2335835108","https://openalex.org/W2336650964","https://openalex.org/W2339765813","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2523435939","https://openalex.org/W2579247884","https://openalex.org/W2589642470","https://openalex.org/W2604783387","https://openalex.org/W2612026221","https://openalex.org/W2622263826","https://openalex.org/W2756861844","https://openalex.org/W2757713658","https://openalex.org/W2757910899","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2792078035","https://openalex.org/W2803132901","https://openalex.org/W2807778630","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962758826","https://openalex.org/W2962950660","https://openalex.org/W2963702144","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4245826835","https://openalex.org/W4299983048","https://openalex.org/W6606298606","https://openalex.org/W6628377381","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6636806777","https://openalex.org/W6638533276","https://openalex.org/W6665801690","https://openalex.org/W6676756733","https://openalex.org/W6679393576","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684859321","https://openalex.org/W6686509673","https://openalex.org/W6692488971","https://openalex.org/W6703420464","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6736413256","https://openalex.org/W6739693220","https://openalex.org/W6744392437","https://openalex.org/W6751289310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359328895","https://openalex.org/W2363535981","https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2007402811","https://openalex.org/W2326762630","https://openalex.org/W2391354408","https://openalex.org/W1966837078","https://openalex.org/W4251434705","https://openalex.org/W1987272746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"pursuing":[1],"high":[2,56],"accuracy":[3],"on":[4,49],"big":[5],"datasets,":[6],"current":[7],"research":[8],"prefers":[9],"designing":[10],"complex":[11],"neural":[12],"networks,":[13],"which":[14,82,172,226],"need":[15],"to":[16,101,115,139,151,161,199,216],"maximize":[17],"data":[18],"parallelism":[19],"for":[20,119],"short":[21],"training":[22],"time.":[23],"Many":[24],"distributed":[25],"deep":[26],"learning":[27],"systems,":[28],"such":[29],"as":[30],"MXNet":[31],"and":[32,87,124,128,156,202,232],"Petuum,":[33],"widely":[34],"use":[35],"parameter":[36,77,122],"server":[37,78,114],"framework":[38],"with":[39,182],"relaxed":[40],"synchronization":[41,86,105,154,224],"models.":[42],"Although":[43],"these":[44],"models":[45],"could":[46],"cost":[47],"less":[48],"each":[50,113],"synchronization,":[51],"its":[52,121],"frequency":[53,155],"is":[54],"still":[55],"among":[57],"many":[58],"workers,":[59],"e.g.,":[60],"the":[61,126,141,153,163,183],"soft":[62],"barrier":[63],"introduced":[64],"by":[65],"Stale":[66],"Synchronous":[67],"Parallel":[68],"(SSP)":[69],"model.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"introduce":[75],"our":[76,110,222],"design,":[79],"namely":[80],"FluentPS,":[81],"can":[83,227],"reduce":[84,152,203],"frequent":[85],"optimize":[88],"communication":[89,205],"overhead":[90],"in":[91,106],"a":[92,98,158,167],"large-scale":[93],"cluster.":[94],"Different":[95],"from":[96],"using":[97],"single":[99],"scheduler":[100],"manage":[102],"all":[103],"parameters'":[104],"some":[107],"previous":[108],"designs,":[109],"system":[111],"allows":[112],"independently":[116],"adjust":[117],"schemes":[118],"synchronizing":[120],"shard":[123],"overlaps":[125],"push":[127],"pull":[129,149,219],"processes":[130],"of":[131,147,176],"different":[132,189],"servers.":[133],"We":[134,179],"also":[135],"explore":[136],"two":[137],"methods":[138],"improve":[140],"SSP":[142,170,212],"model:":[143],"(1)":[144],"lazy":[145],"execution":[146],"buffered":[148],"requests":[150,220],"(2)":[157],"probability-based":[159],"strategy":[160],"pause":[162],"fast":[164,177],"worker":[165],"at":[166,188],"probability":[168],"under":[169],"condition,":[171],"avoids":[173],"unnecessary":[174],"waiting":[175],"workers.":[178],"evaluate":[180],"ResNet-56":[181],"same":[184],"large":[185],"batch":[186],"size":[187],"cluster":[190],"scales.":[191],"While":[192],"guaranteeing":[193],"robust":[194],"convergence,":[195],"FluentPS":[196],"gains":[197],"up":[198,215],"6\u00d7":[200],"speedup":[201],"93.7%":[204],"time":[206],"costs":[207],"than":[208,221],"PS-Lite.":[209],"The":[210],"raw":[211],"model":[213],"causes":[214],"131\u00d7":[217],"delayed":[218],"improved":[223],"model,":[225],"provide":[228],"fine-tuned":[229],"staleness":[230],"controls":[231],"achieve":[233],"higher":[234],"accuracy.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
