{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311926237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803","title":"Virtual Network Embedding using a Federated DRL Approach","display_name":"Virtual Network Embedding using a Federated DRL Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311926237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036176481","display_name":"Saurav Chakraborty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurav Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Chennai,India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Chennai,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087560555","display_name":"Krishna M. Sivalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-3432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna M. Sivalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Chennai,India","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Chennai,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16573177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"34","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7671700119972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5245257019996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37868615984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17814013361930847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7671700119972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5245257019996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37868615984916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17814013361930847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet55617.2022.9978803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130267070","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2734940663","https://openalex.org/W2790966663","https://openalex.org/W2796034768","https://openalex.org/W2908048701","https://openalex.org/W2911932381","https://openalex.org/W2923914728","https://openalex.org/W2964933174","https://openalex.org/W2975462639","https://openalex.org/W3006670753","https://openalex.org/W3179381744","https://openalex.org/W4297687186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,19],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3],"allocating":[4],"resources":[5],"for":[6,167],"virtual":[7,23,29,47,118,168],"network":[8,24,30,165],"requests":[9,79],"in":[10,196],"the":[11,22,36,46,58,77,99,109,111,117,124,132,155,164,175,199],"underlying":[12],"substrate":[13,53,121,170],"of":[14,63,80,198],"an":[15],"infrastructure":[16],"provider":[17],"(INP).":[18],"is":[20,33,151,158],"called":[21],"embedding":[25,202],"problem.":[26],"A":[27],"client\u2019s":[28],"request":[31],"(VNR)":[32],"accepted":[34],"if":[35],"INP\u2019s":[37],"Virtual":[38],"Network":[39],"Embedding":[40],"(VNE)":[41],"agent":[42,113],"successfully":[43],"maps":[44],"all":[45],"nodes":[48,54,64,119],"and":[49,55,60,65,163,169,191],"links":[50,56],"to":[51,76,115,120,143,201,206],"suitable":[52],"satisfying":[57],"CPU":[59],"bandwidth":[61],"requirements":[62],"links.":[66],"We":[67],"consider":[68],"a":[69,90],"scenario":[70],"where":[71,98],"multiple":[72],"INPs":[73,100,125],"exist,":[74],"catering":[75],"VNR":[78],"their":[81,103],"respective":[82,133],"clients.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"have":[88],"used":[89],"Federated":[91],"Deep":[92],"Reinforcement":[93],"Learning":[94],"(Federated":[95],"DRL)":[96],"approach,":[97],"individually":[101],"train":[102],"agents":[104],"based":[105],"on":[106],"DRL.":[107],"During":[108],"training,":[110],"DRL":[112],"learns":[114],"map":[116],"nodes.":[122],"Subsequently,":[123],"operators":[126],"learn":[127],"collaboratively":[128],"by":[129],"sharing":[130],"only":[131],"trained":[134],"model":[135,150],"information,":[136],"without":[137],"revealing":[138],"any":[139],"detailed":[140],"vital":[141],"information":[142],"each":[144],"other.":[145],"The":[146,178],"federated":[147],"reinforcement":[148],"learning":[149],"implemented":[152],"using":[153,160,174],"TensorFlow;":[154],"VNRs":[156],"arrival":[157],"modeled":[159],"SimPy":[161],"package,":[162],"graphs":[166],"networks":[171],"are":[172],"created":[173],"NetworkX":[176],"package.":[177],"proposed":[179],"solution":[180],"accepts":[181],"around":[182,187,193],"5%":[183],"more":[184,189],"VNRs,":[185],"accumulates":[186],"7%":[188],"revenue,":[190],"performs":[192],"10%":[194],"better":[195],"terms":[197],"revenue":[200],"cost":[203],"ratio":[204],"compared":[205],"existing":[207],"algorithms.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}