{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766386287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","title":"Liquid immersion cooling technology with natural convection in data center","display_name":"Liquid immersion cooling technology with natural convection in data center","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766386287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","mag":"2766386287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102259232","display_name":"Morito Matsuoka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morito Matsuoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybernedia Center, Osaka University /EEC Research Institute, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybernedia Center, Osaka University /EEC Research Institute, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084708848","display_name":"Kazuhiro Matsuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-6937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuhiro Matsuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybernedia Center, Osaka University /EEC Research Institute, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybernedia Center, Osaka University /EEC Research Institute, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113446684","display_name":"Kubo Hideo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideo Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Div. Fujitsu Limited Nakahara-ku, Electric & Mechanical Eng. Development, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Div. Fujitsu Limited Nakahara-ku, Electric & Mechanical Eng. Development, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigerant","display_name":"Refrigerant","score":0.8515019416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-convection","display_name":"Natural convection","score":0.6284534931182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-cooling","display_name":"Computer cooling","score":0.614895224571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicone-oil","display_name":"Silicone oil","score":0.5329424142837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.5233801603317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5085023641586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.4934960603713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-cooling","display_name":"Active cooling","score":0.4468711316585541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convection","display_name":"Convection","score":0.439473420381546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-cooling","display_name":"Water cooling","score":0.4263024628162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36936819553375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34202319383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3329669237136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3324975073337555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21836566925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12668192386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.11476242542266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10378718376159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-compressor","display_name":"Gas compressor","score":0.09282082319259644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199499590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266790","display_name":"Refrigerant","level":3,"score":0.8515019416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54791560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285020","display_name":"Natural convection","level":3,"score":0.6284534931182861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11026015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840551","display_name":"Computer cooling","level":3,"score":0.614895224571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775952280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416873","display_name":"Silicone oil","level":2,"score":0.5329424142837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.5233801603317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5085023641586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.4934960603713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156820238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422876","display_name":"Active cooling","level":3,"score":0.4468711316585541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.439473420381546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7694927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667810","display_name":"Water cooling","level":2,"score":0.4263024628162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36936819553375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34202319383621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3329669237136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3324975073337555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21836566925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12668192386627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11476242542266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10378718376159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.09282082319259644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cloudnet.2017.8071539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321879","display_name":"Fujitsu","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322007","display_name":"Ministry of Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04xmt0833"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384158534","https://openalex.org/W2343005181","https://openalex.org/W3085254884","https://openalex.org/W4384158516","https://openalex.org/W4385463067","https://openalex.org/W4387328855","https://openalex.org/W4384158605","https://openalex.org/W2060840737","https://openalex.org/W1979381337","https://openalex.org/W2352997462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"proposed":[1,116],"a":[2,113,133],"liquid":[3],"immersion":[4],"cooling":[5,23,75,91,130],"technology":[6,117],"with":[7,19,62,118],"natural":[8,119],"convection":[9,120],"for":[10,74,104,124],"high":[11,20,77],"power":[12,78],"server":[13],"boards":[14],"used":[15],"in":[16,57,82,109],"data":[17,110],"centers":[18],"cooling-efficiency.":[21],"The":[22,54,69,80],"performance":[24],"was":[25],"evaluated":[26],"by":[27],"CFD":[28],"simulation":[29],"and":[30,39,50,86,96,127],"actual":[31],"experiments.":[32],"As":[33,112],"the":[34,58,63,67,76],"refrigerants,":[35],"several":[36],"non-conductive,":[37],"thermally":[38],"chemically":[40],"stable":[41,105],"fluids":[42],"were":[43],"applied,":[44],"including":[45],"silicone":[46],"oil,":[47,49],"soybean":[48],"perfluorocarbon":[51],"structured":[52],"liquids.":[53],"CPU":[55,84],"temperature":[56],"refrigerant":[59,71],"monotonically":[60],"decreases":[61],"Rayleigh":[64],"numbers":[65],"of":[66,107],"refrigerant.":[68],"smoother":[70],"is":[72],"better":[73],"CPU.":[79],"changes":[81],"any":[83,87],"task":[85],"slot-removal":[88],"give":[89],"limited":[90],"effects":[92],"to":[93],"other":[94,97],"slots":[95],"CPUs.":[98],"These":[99],"are":[100],"quite":[101],"useful":[102],"features":[103],"operation":[106],"servers":[108],"center.":[111],"result,":[114],"this":[115],"exhibits":[121],"promising":[122],"potential":[123],"low":[125],"energy":[126],"space-saving":[128],"board":[129],"which":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"Power":[134],"Usage":[135],"Efficiency":[136],"(PUE)":[137],"below":[138],"1.04.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
