{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135086789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747","title":"Exploring T5-Based Code QA Systems to Support Teaching Programming in Portuguese and English","display_name":"Exploring T5-Based Code QA Systems to Support Teaching Programming in Portuguese and English","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135086789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 LI Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128811262","display_name":"Eduardo Dos S. Lopes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160371","display_name":"Instituto Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rshs160","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Dos S. Lopes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128817301","display_name":"Hil\u00e1rio T. A. de Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160371","display_name":"Instituto Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rshs160","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hil\u00e1rio T. A. de Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031806046","display_name":"Kelly Assis de Souza Gazolli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160371","display_name":"Instituto Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rshs160","country_code":"BR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Assis de Souza Gazolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES),Programa de Pós-graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPComp),Serra,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160371"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75211574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.7178999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.7178999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portuguese","display_name":"Portuguese","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7458000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46970000863075256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8015999794006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7458000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91071405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413145","display_name":"Program slicing","level":3,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420747","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 LI Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8216932415962219,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"question":[1],"and":[2,25,70,90,111,118,128,169],"answering":[3],"(QA)":[4],"systems":[5],"have":[6,33],"demonstrated":[7],"potential":[8],"as":[9,54],"practical":[10],"tools":[11],"for":[12],"supporting":[13],"students":[14],"in":[15,47,108,180],"introductory":[16],"programming":[17,79],"courses":[18],"by":[19],"providing":[20],"automated":[21],"assistance":[22],"with":[23],"understanding":[24],"debugging":[26],"source":[27],"code":[28],"snippets.":[29],"Although":[30],"several":[31],"studies":[32],"examined":[34],"such":[35,53],"systems,":[36],"they":[37],"primarily":[38],"focus":[39],"on":[40,72],"a":[41,73,103,113,162,170],"single":[42],"language,":[43],"typically":[44],"English,":[45],"resulting":[46],"limited":[48],"investigation":[49],"of":[50,64,139,155,161,165,173,177],"other":[51,146],"languages,":[52],"Portuguese,":[55],"or":[56],"multilingual":[57,175],"settings.":[58],"This":[59],"work":[60,157],"investigates":[61],"the":[62,77,85,92,98,126,136,140,145,159,166,174],"performance":[63,122,176],"three":[65,95],"Transformer-based":[66],"models,":[67],"CodeT5,":[68],"Flan-T5,":[69],"T5,":[71],"QA":[74,182],"task":[75],"involving":[76],"Java":[78],"language.":[80],"Experiments":[81],"were":[82],"conducted":[83],"using":[84,125],"CodeQA":[86,167],"dataset":[87,168],"to":[88],"fine-tune":[89],"evaluate":[91],"models":[93,147,179],"across":[94,148],"scenarios:":[96],"(i)":[97],"original":[99],"English":[100,117],"data,":[101],"(ii)":[102],"Brazilian":[104],"Portuguese":[105,119,163],"translation":[106],"developed":[107],"this":[109,156],"work,":[110],"(iii)":[112],"bilingual":[114],"version":[115,138,164],"combining":[116],"data.":[120],"Model":[121],"was":[123],"assessed":[124],"ROUGE-L":[127],"BERTScore":[129],"evaluation":[130],"metrics.":[131],"The":[132,152],"results":[133],"show":[134],"that":[135],"base":[137],"CodeT5":[141],"model":[142],"consistently":[143],"outperformed":[144],"all":[149],"evaluated":[150],"scenarios.":[151],"main":[153],"contributions":[154],"are":[158],"creation":[160],"comparative":[171],"analysis":[172],"T5-based":[178],"code-related":[181],"tasks.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}