{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135029084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695","title":"Evaluating Kubernetes CNIs for IoT: A Case Study with Raspberry Pi Clusters and Distributed MariaDB with Galera","display_name":"Evaluating Kubernetes CNIs for IoT: A Case Study with Raspberry Pi Clusters and Distributed MariaDB with Galera","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135029084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 LI Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128900366","display_name":"Paul Rojas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91732220","display_name":"Universidad del Valle","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb9vg53","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Rojas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Valle,EISC,Cali,Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Valle,EISC,Cali,Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028611328","display_name":"John Sanabria","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91732220","display_name":"Universidad del Valle","ror":"https://ror.org/00jb9vg53","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Sanabria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Valle,EISC,Cali,Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Valle,EISC,Cali,Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91732220"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69601594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.3398999869823456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.3398999869823456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.22349999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.09839999675750732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8489000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raspberry-pi","display_name":"Raspberry pi","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4372999966144562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8489000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.621399998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985745059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245","display_name":"Raspberry pi","level":3,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/clei67442.2025.11420695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 LI Latin American Computer Conference (CLEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003338482","https://openalex.org/W3008355680","https://openalex.org/W3033407996","https://openalex.org/W3187242847","https://openalex.org/W3217024786","https://openalex.org/W4210753456"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,94],"deployment":[1],"of":[2,16,34,53,68,105,112,144],"Kubernetes":[3,62,156],"in":[4,28,45,103,121,158],"IoT":[5,147],"edge":[6,148],"environments":[7],"presents":[8],"unique":[9],"challenges":[10],"due":[11,131],"to":[12,75,132],"the":[13,32,41,46,51,100,110,142],"resource":[14],"constraints":[15],"devices":[17],"such":[18,84],"as":[19,85],"Raspberry":[20,69],"Pi":[21,70],"clusters.":[22],"A":[23],"critical":[24],"factor":[25],"influencing":[26],"performance":[27,52],"these":[29],"deployments":[30,149],"is":[31],"choice":[33],"Container":[35],"Network":[36],"Interface":[37],"(CNI),":[38],"which":[39],"governs":[40],"communication":[42],"between":[43],"containers":[44],"cluster.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"evaluates":[50],"three":[54],"widely":[55],"used":[56],"CNIs\u2014Flannel,":[57],"Calico,":[58],"and":[59,87,107,150],"Cilium\u2014within":[60],"a":[61,66,77],"cluster":[63],"deployed":[64],"on":[65],"testbed":[67],"4B":[71],"devices.":[72],"Using":[73],"BenchBase":[74],"benchmark":[76],"distributed":[78],"MariaDB":[79],"Galera":[80],"Cluster,":[81],"key":[82],"metrics":[83],"throughput":[86,106],"latency":[88],"were":[89],"analyzed":[90],"across":[91],"various":[92],"workloads.":[93],"results":[95],"demonstrate":[96],"that":[97],"Cilium":[98],"outperformed":[99],"other":[101],"CNIs":[102,145],"terms":[104],"latency,":[108],"highlighting":[109],"advantages":[111],"its":[113,133],"eBPF-based":[114],"design.":[115],"Calico":[116],"exhibited":[117],"competitive":[118],"performance,":[119],"particularly":[120],"scenarios":[122],"requiring":[123],"robust":[124],"routing":[125],"capabilities,":[126],"while":[127],"Flannel":[128],"lagged":[129],"significantly":[130],"simpler":[134],"architecture.":[135],"These":[136],"findings":[137],"provide":[138],"empirical":[139],"insights":[140],"into":[141],"suitability":[143],"for":[146,154],"offer":[151],"practical":[152],"guidance":[153],"optimizing":[155],"networking":[157],"resourceconstrained":[159],"environments.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}