{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031416759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","title":"Unsupervised machine learning via Hidden Markov Models for accurate clustering of plant stress levels based on imaged chlorophyll fluorescence profiles &amp;amp; their rate of change in time","display_name":"Unsupervised machine learning via Hidden Markov Models for accurate clustering of plant stress levels based on imaged chlorophyll fluorescence profiles &amp;amp; their rate of change in time","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031416759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","mag":"2031416759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061648958","display_name":"Julie Blumenthal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie Blumenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA","[CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001646142","display_name":"Dalila B. Megherbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-597X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133738476","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Lowell","ror":"https://ror.org/03hamhx47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalila B. Megherbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA","[CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[CMINDS Research Center, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084431327","display_name":"Robert Lussier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Lussier","raw_affiliation_strings":["GrowTech Inc., Waltham, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GrowTech Inc., Waltham, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061648958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133738476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79790145,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"76","last_page":"81"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6568764448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.653276801109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6381345987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.548343300819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5239781737327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-fluorescence","display_name":"Chlorophyll fluorescence","score":0.46717697381973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.43515175580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4303280711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3497452735900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3323320150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"Chlorophyll","score":0.2588042616844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.10708162188529968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6568764448165894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.653276801109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6381345987319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.548343300819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5239781737327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24630173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1075297","display_name":"Chlorophyll fluorescence","level":3,"score":0.46717697381973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43515175580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4303280711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3497452735900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3323320150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.2588042616844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.10708162188529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/civemsa.2014.6841442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Virtual Environments for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIVEMSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53859241","https://openalex.org/W150542885","https://openalex.org/W1497407876","https://openalex.org/W1984192382","https://openalex.org/W1985897360","https://openalex.org/W1989236030","https://openalex.org/W2014151772","https://openalex.org/W2015169348","https://openalex.org/W2026288848","https://openalex.org/W2027297060","https://openalex.org/W2031982734","https://openalex.org/W2034068097","https://openalex.org/W2039050328","https://openalex.org/W2043641030","https://openalex.org/W2050019318","https://openalex.org/W2062710898","https://openalex.org/W2065811757","https://openalex.org/W2072343918","https://openalex.org/W2079902777","https://openalex.org/W2083897942","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2144391590","https://openalex.org/W2150325563","https://openalex.org/W2164956716","https://openalex.org/W2326247955","https://openalex.org/W2581625289","https://openalex.org/W2614220349","https://openalex.org/W2912514993","https://openalex.org/W3216676019","https://openalex.org/W7066054562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2164162849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chlorophyll":[0],"fluorescence":[1,60,151],"(ChlF),":[2],"a":[3,16,48,54,58,85,108,145,155],"plant":[4,21,26,88,133,163,176,184,211],"response":[5],"in":[6,31,45,118,121,129],"time":[7],"to":[8,14,19,64,193,203],"stressors,":[9],"has":[10],"long":[11],"been":[12,116],"known":[13],"be":[15],"useful":[17],"tool":[18],"detect":[20],"stress.":[22],"Early":[23],"and":[24,34,136,197,207,214],"accurate":[25,206],"stress":[27,76,89,134,164,185],"detection":[28],"is":[29,43],"imperative":[30],"enabling":[32],"timely":[33],"appropriate":[35],"intervention.":[36],"One":[37],"major":[38],"limitation":[39],"of":[40,53,57,132,144,162,172,174,199,210],"prior":[41],"work":[42],"that,":[44],"general,":[46],"only":[47],"few":[49],"key":[50],"inflection":[51],"points":[52],"localized":[55],"section":[56],"chlorophyll":[59,150],"signal":[61,98,152],"are":[62],"used":[63,117],"calculate":[65],"single":[66],"index":[67],"values.":[68],"These":[69],"values":[70],"yield":[71],"very":[72],"limited":[73],"insight":[74],"into":[75],"level":[77],"or":[78],"type.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81,105,122],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,124,167,189],"present":[84,125,190],"method":[86,202],"for":[87],"classification":[90,186,209],"that":[91],"uses":[92],"global":[93,156],"(versus":[94],"local)":[95],"ChlF":[96,177],"time-varying":[97,179],"data":[99],"acquired":[100],"via":[101],"imaging.":[102],"We":[103,138],"classify":[104],"time-varying-intensity-signal":[106],"using":[107],"Hidden":[109],"Markov":[110],"Model":[111],"(HMM).":[112],"While":[113],"HMMs":[114],"have":[115],"other":[119],"fields,":[120],"paper":[123],"their":[126],"first":[127],"application":[128],"the":[130,141,160,170,175,183,195,200],"field":[131],"clustering":[135],"classification.":[137,165],"show":[139,168,194],"how":[140,169],"proposed":[142,201],"selection":[143],"low-pass":[146],"filtered":[147],"plant's":[148],"entire":[149],"profile,":[153],"as":[154],"feature":[157],"selection,":[158],"improves":[159,182],"accuracy":[161],"Additionally,":[166],"rate":[171],"change-in-time":[173],"intensity":[178],"profiles":[180],"further":[181],"accuracy.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"experimental":[191],"results":[192],"value":[196],"potential":[198],"enable":[204],"more":[205],"specific":[208],"stressor":[212,215],"levels":[213],"types.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
