{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401110483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992","title":"Bi-GRU Based Botnet Attack Detection: Performance Comparison Between Centralized and Federated Learning","display_name":"Bi-GRU Based Botnet Attack Detection: Performance Comparison Between Centralized and Federated Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401110483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106059580","display_name":"I. Nyoman Putra Maharddhika","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Nyoman Putra Maharddhika","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTUST (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology),Department of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTUST (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology),Department of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111273356","display_name":"Jiann-Liang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTUST (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology),Department of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTUST (National Taiwan University of Science and Technology),Department of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106059580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59457573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9629108905792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976113319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5871365070343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47167596220970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1807248592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.07662373781204224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9629108905792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976113319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5871365070343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47167596220970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1807248592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.07662373781204224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cits61189.2024.10607992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963683434","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W3014810737","https://openalex.org/W3015807515","https://openalex.org/W3035037193","https://openalex.org/W3083130672","https://openalex.org/W3095531713","https://openalex.org/W3109725889","https://openalex.org/W3185153723","https://openalex.org/W3203932036","https://openalex.org/W3206674745","https://openalex.org/W3216826992","https://openalex.org/W4212986808","https://openalex.org/W4387831692","https://openalex.org/W4388878520","https://openalex.org/W4388949806","https://openalex.org/W4390659214","https://openalex.org/W4395096806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3159690896","https://openalex.org/W2945572725","https://openalex.org/W1989286518","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W2921012173","https://openalex.org/W2758517546","https://openalex.org/W3134680667","https://openalex.org/W2804396347","https://openalex.org/W2185943007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,120],"number":[1],"of":[2,61,117,122,188,212],"connected":[3],"IoT":[4,27],"devices":[5,28],"is":[6,34,218],"increasing":[7],"every":[8],"year.":[9],"This":[10,68],"leads":[11],"to":[12,15,29,73,91,98,126,146,220,231],"concerns":[13],"due":[14],"their":[16],"potential":[17],"exploitation":[18],"in":[19,37,41,63,77,167,175,190],"Botnet":[20,22],"attacks.":[21,94],"attack":[23,43,225],"itself":[24],"uses":[25],"contaminated":[26],"launch":[30],"cyber-attacks.":[31],"Deep":[32],"learning":[33,48,141],"commonly":[35],"used":[36,105,145,222],"cyber-attack":[38],"detection,":[39],"especially":[40,227],"botnet":[42,93,134,224],"detection.":[44],"However,":[45],"some":[46],"deep":[47],"models":[49,90,103,161,207],"still":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"detect":[53,92],"a":[54,58,148,164],"class":[55],"that":[56,138,151],"has":[57],"small":[59],"amount":[60,187],"data":[62,183,189],"the":[64,70,82,86,106,111,128,139,169,181,185,191],"dataset":[65],"(imbalanced":[66],"dataset),":[67],"causes":[69],"model":[71,131,150,196,217],"accuracy":[72,116,199],"be":[74,144,221],"less":[75],"effective":[76,130],"certain":[78],"classes.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"problem":[83],"we":[84,104,172],"introduced":[85],"Fed-Bi-GRU":[87],"and":[88,100,115,136,178,202],"Cen-Bi-GRU":[89,201],"In":[95,157],"this":[96,123,158],"study":[97],"evaluate":[99],"analyze":[101],"our":[102,160,195,216],"BoT-IoT":[107,192],"dataset.":[108,193],"We":[109],"calculated":[110],"precision,":[112,176],"recall,":[113,177],"f1-score,":[114],"each":[118],"model.":[119],"goal":[121],"paper":[124],"was":[125],"recognize":[127],"most":[129],"for":[132,200,204,223],"detecting":[133,168],"attacks":[135],"prove":[137],"federated":[140],"approach":[142],"could":[143],"produce":[147],"robust":[149],"competes":[152],"effectively":[153],"with":[154],"centralized":[155],"learning.":[156],"paper,":[159],"successfully":[162,208],"got":[163,173,197,209],"good":[165],"performance":[166],"theft":[170,182],"class,":[171],"100%":[174],"f1-score.":[179],"Where":[180],"had":[184],"smallest":[186],"Moreover,":[194],"99.98%":[198],"99.97%":[203],"Fed-Bi-GRU.":[205],"Both":[206],"high":[210],"score":[211],"accuracy.":[213],"It":[214],"means":[215],"efficient":[219],"detection":[226],"it":[228],"can":[229],"adapt":[230],"imbalanced":[232],"data.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}