{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2159621318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","title":"Extraction of exudates and blood vessels in digital fundus images","display_name":"Extraction of exudates and blood vessels in digital fundus images","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2159621318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","mag":"2159621318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072697866","display_name":"Giri Babu Kande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-3104"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giri Babu Kande","raw_affiliation_strings":["S. R. K. Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. R. K. Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067326005","display_name":"T. Satya Savithri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-7136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10874241","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/002tchr49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10874241"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.Satya Savithri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10874241"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109914125","display_name":"P. Venkata Subbaiah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.Venkata Subbaiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita Sai Institute of Science and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita Sai Institute of Science and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072697866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66212935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"526","last_page":"531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7845189571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7401598691940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7031206488609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538801193237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6488901376724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5949208736419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5468534827232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5143371820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5141330361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49162060022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-clustering","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","score":0.4452706575393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.41541197896003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2995622456073761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7845189571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7401598691940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7031206488609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538801193237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6488901376724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5949208736419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5468534827232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5143371820449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5141330361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49162060022354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17212007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5511111","display_name":"Fuzzy clustering","level":3,"score":0.4452706575393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.41541197896003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2995622456073761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2008.4594730","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 8th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1507487106","https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W1635902333","https://openalex.org/W1896969699","https://openalex.org/W2001353247","https://openalex.org/W2040904686","https://openalex.org/W2070824993","https://openalex.org/W2097570228","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2123303981","https://openalex.org/W2142707127","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2145804638","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W2168932490","https://openalex.org/W2303755830","https://openalex.org/W3203782524","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636899691","https://openalex.org/W6674719656","https://openalex.org/W6680790544","https://openalex.org/W6681607859","https://openalex.org/W6698131512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138983844","https://openalex.org/W1968965685","https://openalex.org/W2012792772","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679","https://openalex.org/W2357424838","https://openalex.org/W2327601824","https://openalex.org/W4237142086","https://openalex.org/W2161102362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"two":[3],"efficient":[4],"approaches":[5,94],"for":[6],"automatic":[7],"detection":[8,101,104],"and":[9,13,34,46,102],"extraction":[10,23],"of":[11,27,39,48,91],"Exudates":[12],"Blood":[14],"vessels":[15],"in":[16,108],"ocular":[17],"fundus":[18],"images.":[19],"The":[20,37,68],"blood":[21],"vessel":[22,100],"algorithm":[24,74],"is":[25,75],"composed":[26],"three":[28],"steps,":[29],"i.e.,":[30],"matched":[31],"filtering,":[32],"thresholding":[33],"label":[35],"filtering.":[36],"identification":[38],"exudates":[40,103],"involves":[41],"Preprocessing,":[42],"Optic":[43],"disk":[44],"elimination,":[45],"Segmentation":[47],"Exudates.":[49],"In":[50],"both":[51,92],"the":[52,54,79,84,93,109],"methods":[53],"enhanced":[55],"segments":[56],"are":[57],"extracted":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60],"Spatially":[61,69],"Weighted":[62,70],"Fuzzy":[63,71],"c-Means":[64,72],"(SWFCM)":[65],"clustering":[66,73,87],"algorithm.":[67,88],"formulated":[76],"by":[77],"incorporating":[78],"spatial":[80],"neighborhood":[81],"information":[82],"into":[83],"standard":[85],"FCM":[86],"Experimental":[89],"evaluations":[90],"demonstrate":[95],"superior":[96],"performances":[97],"over":[98],"other":[99],"algorithms":[105],"recently":[106],"reported":[107],"literature.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}