{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124282824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","title":"A study of the size of pen-input character boxes for PDAs","display_name":"A study of the size of pen-input character boxes for PDAs","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124282824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","mag":"2124282824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Fourth International Conference onComputer and Information Technology, 2004. CIT '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027222692","display_name":"Xiangshi Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0463-0352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangshi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002786455","display_name":"Jing Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0649-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038787915","display_name":"T. Kato","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35568498","display_name":"Kochi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00rghrr56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Inf. Syst., Kochi Univ. of Technol., Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027222692"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35568498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69269241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"115","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphanumeric","display_name":"Alphanumeric","score":0.9509313702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.8967161178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.749477744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7407939434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kanji","display_name":"Kanji","score":0.5278328061103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-method","display_name":"Input method","score":0.4877067506313324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4872380793094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4866243302822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4799621105194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-device","display_name":"Input device","score":0.43836086988449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4262012541294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-encoding","display_name":"Character encoding","score":0.4151771664619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3519124388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.2504672706127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20172828435897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17328369617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.14449486136436462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737372","display_name":"Alphanumeric","level":2,"score":0.9509313702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8967161178588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.749477744102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7407939434051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.5278328061103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779730394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529029","display_name":"Input method","level":2,"score":0.4877067506313324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4872380793094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4866243302822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4799621105194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121449826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864114","display_name":"Input device","level":2,"score":0.43836086988449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4262012541294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32717103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184759","display_name":"Character encoding","level":3,"score":0.4151771664619446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3519124388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.2504672706127167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20172828435897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17328369617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.14449486136436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cit.2004.1357183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Fourth International Conference onComputer and Information Technology, 2004. CIT '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47700157","https://openalex.org/W1973437133","https://openalex.org/W2047101780","https://openalex.org/W2050188448","https://openalex.org/W2067916013","https://openalex.org/W4233649860","https://openalex.org/W6601910910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099635715","https://openalex.org/W2949065971","https://openalex.org/W2118910696","https://openalex.org/W1952598155","https://openalex.org/W4255659029","https://openalex.org/W1649522355","https://openalex.org/W2051678457","https://openalex.org/W4237219896","https://openalex.org/W2043694750","https://openalex.org/W1987450022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,155],"ultimate":[1],"goal":[2],"of":[3,12,54,59,106,128,132,163,168,185,232],"our":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6,116,121,192,216],"to":[7,71,79,123,137,228],"determine":[8,124,139,229],"the":[9,42,72,104,111,125,129,140,161,166,172,182,213,230],"optimal":[10,38,126,141,183,214],"size":[11,39,105,127,142,184,215,231],"pen-input":[13],"boxes":[14,88,108,131,187,235],"on":[15,67,103,152],"handheld":[16],"devices":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,40],"personal":[20],"digital":[21],"assistants":[22],"(PDAs)":[23],"into":[24],"which":[25,76,157],"users":[26],"can":[27],"most":[28],"efficiently":[29],"write":[30],"alphanumeric":[31,190],"and":[32,47,56,84,148,175,204,209,239],"non-alphanumeric":[33],"characters.":[34],"We":[35,135],"define":[36],"an":[37],"including":[41,52],"following":[43],"characteristics:":[44],"high":[45,48],"performance":[46],"subjective":[49,178],"ratings":[50],"(e.g.":[51],"ease":[53],"writing":[55],"minimum":[57],"degree":[58],"fatigue).":[60],"Character":[61],"input":[62,87,94,107],"box":[63],"sizes":[64],"for":[65,75,114,188,205,226],"handwriting":[66],"PDAs":[68],"differ":[69],"according":[70],"software":[73],"application":[74],"they":[77],"are":[78,89,224],"be":[80,101],"used.":[81],"PDA":[82,133],"screens":[83],"their":[85],"character":[86,93,130,146,149,164,173,186,234],"very":[90],"small":[91],"making":[92],"relatively":[95],"difficult.":[96],"However,":[97],"obvious":[98],"limitations":[99],"must":[100],"placed":[102],"so":[109],"that":[110,181],"information":[112],"domain,":[113],"example,":[115],"not":[117],"dwarfed.":[118],"Therefore,":[119],"it":[120],"essential":[122],"screens.":[134],"attempt":[136],"experimentally":[138],"from":[143],"two":[144,153],"viewpoints:":[145],"kinds":[147],"shapes,":[150],"based":[151],"experiments.":[154],"results,":[156],"were":[158],"assessed":[159],"by":[160,177],"rate":[162],"recognition,":[165],"number":[167],"strokes":[169],"protruding":[170],"outside":[171],"box,":[174],"also":[176],"ratings,":[179],"show":[180],"inputting":[189],"characters":[191],"approximately":[193],"1.09":[194],"/spl":[195,200,218],"times/":[196,201,219],"1.66":[197],"-":[198],"1.44":[199,202,217,220],"cm,":[203],"Hiragana":[206],"&":[207,211],"Katakana":[208],"Kanji":[210],"Kana":[212],"cm.":[221],"These":[222],"results":[223],"useful":[225],"designers":[227],"handwritten":[233],"in":[236],"both":[237],"recognition":[238],"non-recognition":[240],"situations.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
