{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391528906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945","title":"Incorporating Feature Penalty in Reinforcement Learning for Ludo Game","display_name":"Incorporating Feature Penalty in Reinforcement Learning for Ludo Game","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391528906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th IEEE Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000112565","display_name":"Abdallah Tubaishat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Tubaishat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062926717","display_name":"Shahzad Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9873-726X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127363","display_name":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02m8e1r74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar,Pakistan","Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Management Sciences Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037131693","display_name":"Feras Al\u2010Obeidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-6555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Al-Obeidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065504551","display_name":"Babar Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-4695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zayed University,College of Technological Innovation,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011174750","display_name":"Saad Razzaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Razzaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sargodha,Department of CS & IT,Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sargodha,Department of CS & IT,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59829124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"524","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9581999778747559,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8736043572425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6463242173194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6143255233764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48704150319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.46136656403541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40574073791503906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8736043572425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6463242173194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6143255233764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48704150319099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46136656403541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40574073791503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist56084.2023.10409945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th IEEE Congress on Information Science and Technology (CiSt)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59787342","https://openalex.org/W93538108","https://openalex.org/W113028485","https://openalex.org/W1589747210","https://openalex.org/W1778554682","https://openalex.org/W1921438122","https://openalex.org/W1994754676","https://openalex.org/W2003386389","https://openalex.org/W2111987717","https://openalex.org/W2142377488","https://openalex.org/W2337677780","https://openalex.org/W2375993676","https://openalex.org/W2484143790","https://openalex.org/W2594647025","https://openalex.org/W2599474973","https://openalex.org/W2625517426","https://openalex.org/W2772709170","https://openalex.org/W2777266481","https://openalex.org/W2788527657","https://openalex.org/W2792831254","https://openalex.org/W2795900825","https://openalex.org/W2945976816","https://openalex.org/W2964141050","https://openalex.org/W3005060913","https://openalex.org/W3122143029","https://openalex.org/W3130445189","https://openalex.org/W3174152496","https://openalex.org/W6603822965","https://openalex.org/W6631942339","https://openalex.org/W6638026421","https://openalex.org/W6734428395","https://openalex.org/W6745958281","https://openalex.org/W6746177919","https://openalex.org/W6762886331","https://openalex.org/W6922309221","https://openalex.org/W7007856290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modeling":[0],"cognitive":[1,19],"behavior":[2],"in":[3,10,46,91,120,144,226],"AI":[4],"games":[5,57],"has":[6,41,171],"got":[7,43],"much":[8,44],"attention":[9,45],"recent":[11],"years.":[12],"One":[13],"popular":[14,55],"and":[15,75,135,163,219],"most":[16],"commonly":[17],"used":[18,143],"learning":[20,47,152,228,236],"technique":[21,142],"is":[22,27,51,85,138,153],"Reinforcement":[23],"Learning":[24,146],"(RL).":[25],"It":[26],"a":[28,125,190,205,243],"self-learning":[29],"ability":[30],"that":[31,131],"empowers":[32],"game":[33],"agents":[34],"to":[35,80,97,115,198],"flatter":[36],"as":[37],"an":[38,139],"autodidact.":[39],"RL":[40,141],"also":[42],"board":[48,56,183,197],"games.":[49],"Ludo":[50,128],"one":[52,181],"of":[53,58,69,89,112,161,213,230,238],"the":[54,59,66,103,110,116,159,167,196,200],"Asian":[60],"subcontinent.":[61],"Researchers":[62],"primarily":[63],"focused":[64],"on":[65,94,195],"reward":[67,79],"feature":[68],"RL.":[70,92],"This":[71],"varies":[72],"between":[73],"0":[74],"1":[76],"(i.e.":[77],"No":[78],"maximum":[81],"reward).":[82],"However,":[83],"there":[84],"no":[86],"direct":[87],"concept":[88],"penalty":[90,104,186],"Focus":[93],"penalties":[95,164],"leads":[96],"efficient":[98],"learning.":[99],"Such":[100],"that,":[101],"considering":[102],"before":[105],"action":[106],"selection":[107],"may":[108],"decrease":[109],"worth":[111],"actions":[113],"leading":[114],"penalty.":[117],"Keeping":[118],"this":[119],"view,":[121],"we":[122],"have":[123],"proposed":[124],"Q-learning-based":[126],"Intelligent":[127],"Agent":[129],"(ILA)":[130],"incorporates":[132],"both":[133],"rewards":[134,162],"penalties.":[136],"Q-Learning":[137],"off-policy":[140],"Machine":[145],"(ML).":[147],"The":[148,179],"information":[149,187],"employed":[150],"for":[151,188,203,208],"gained":[154,165],"from":[155,246],"Q-learning":[156,177],"tables":[157],"maintaining":[158],"history":[160],"over":[166],"prior":[168],"iterations.":[169],"ILA":[170,214],"been":[172],"trained":[173],"using":[174],"two":[175],"different":[176],"strategies.":[178,249],"first":[180],"uses":[182,193],"indices":[184],"with":[185],"moving":[189,204,242],"piece.":[191,206],"Other":[192],"situation":[194],"select":[199],"appropriate":[201],"strategy":[202],"Also":[207],"evaluating":[209],"performance":[210],"various":[211],"matches":[212],"were":[215],"conducted":[216],"against":[217],"humans":[218],"random":[220],"machine":[221],"players.":[222],"Human":[223],"players":[224],"facilitated":[225],"flourishing":[227],"abilities":[229,237],"ILA.":[231],"Whereas,":[232],"experimentation":[233],"revealed":[234],"comparable":[235],"autodidact":[239],"agents.":[240],"Thereby,":[241],"step":[244],"ahead":[245],"formerly":[247],"adopted":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}