{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2030539604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","title":"Color facial authentication system based on neural network","display_name":"Color facial authentication system based on neural network","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2030539604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","mag":"2030539604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Colloquium in Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062926728","display_name":"Naouar Belghini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Belghini","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023781974","display_name":"Arsalane Zarghili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-2178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Zarghili","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058719520","display_name":"Jamal Kharroubi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kharroubi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086151791","display_name":"Aicha Majda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Majda","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[LTTI laboratory, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9036999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7928212881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.748336672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7205870151519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6662393808364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5858510732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5296136140823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5098447203636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.50726717710495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49274876713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4927418529987335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-projection","display_name":"Random projection","score":0.481202632188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.4412800669670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-single-object-recognition","display_name":"3D single-object recognition","score":0.44023236632347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4060385525226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.38829994201660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.34411320090293884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7928212881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.748336672782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7205870151519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6662393808364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5858510732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5296136140823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5098447203636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.50726717710495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49274876713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4927418529987335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18393452","display_name":"Random projection","level":2,"score":0.481202632188797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.4412800669670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14551309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636325","display_name":"3D single-object recognition","level":4,"score":0.44023236632347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4060385525226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.38829994201660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.34411320090293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cist.2011.6148586","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Colloquium in Information Science and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W196505194","https://openalex.org/W2578478211","https://openalex.org/W2527644755","https://openalex.org/W4206923589","https://openalex.org/W2548308221","https://openalex.org/W3034828634","https://openalex.org/W2362246177","https://openalex.org/W2351727084","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W2187126501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"form":[1],"only":[2],"give.":[3],"Face":[4,49,99],"recognition":[5,50,100,142,311,391],"can":[6,81,376,402,471],"be":[7,82,472],"defined":[8],"as":[9,87,206],"the":[10,70,151,182,190,193,223,226,238,255,271,285,288,293,296,331,339,343,353,364,371,379,383,390,399,412,419,423,432,446,452,456,461,468,475],"ability":[11,398],"of":[12,69,105,150,192,225,267,273,287,295,299,333,342,414,422],"a":[13,19,102,111,207,215,277,305],"system":[14,26,249,477],"to":[15,28,31,38,41,121,140,167,188,236,254,308,322,325,337,357,395,417,430],"classify":[16],"or":[17],"describe":[18],"human":[20,77,96],"face.":[21],"The":[22,408,425],"motivation":[23],"for":[24,76,137,170,210,250],"such":[25,86],"is":[27,67,101,109,148,263,336,435],"enable":[29],"computers":[30,40],"do":[32,36],"things":[33],"like":[34],"humans":[35],"and":[37,47,64,79,95,113,129,143,218,244,292,350,393,460,464,479],"apply":[39,352],"solve":[42],"problems":[43],"that":[44,221,260,363,378,467],"involve":[45],"analysis":[46],"classification.":[48],"systems":[51,57],"require":[52],"less":[53],"user":[54],"cooperation":[55],"than":[56],"based":[58,440],"on":[59,284,441],"other":[60],"biometrics":[61],"(e.g.":[62],"fingerprints":[63],"iris),":[65],"it":[66,80],"one":[68,149],"most":[71,152],"widely":[72,135,153],"investigated":[73],"biometric":[74],"techniques":[75],"identification":[78],"used":[83,136,154,187,429],"in":[84,156,195,368,382],"applications":[85,138],"access":[88],"control,":[89,91],"passport":[90],"surveillance,":[92],"criminal":[93],"justice":[94],"computer":[97],"interaction.":[98],"specific":[103],"case":[104,272],"object":[106],"recognition.":[107,173,252],"It":[108,213],"not":[110,388],"unique":[112],"rigid":[114],"object.":[115],"Indeed,":[116],"Global":[117],"features":[118],"are":[119,186,198,366],"sensitive":[120],"variations":[122],"caused":[123],"by":[124,242,474],"emotional":[125],"expressions,":[126],"illumination,":[127],"pose":[128],"occlusions.":[130],"Neural":[131,145],"networks":[132],"have":[133],"been":[134],"related":[139,166],"face":[141,172,251,310],"Backpropagation":[144],"Network":[146],"(BPNN)":[147],"methods":[155,185],"this":[157,160],"domain.":[158],"In":[159,181,270,445],"paper":[161],"we":[162,175,258,303,375,449],"present":[163],"3":[164],"solutions":[165],"neural":[168,400,433],"network":[169,344,434],"color":[171],"First":[174],"introduce":[176],"learning-based":[177],"dimension":[178,294],"reduction":[179,240],"algorithms.":[180],"literature":[183],"many":[184],"reduce":[189],"dimensionality":[191,211,239,268],"subspace":[194],"which":[196],"faces":[197,470],"presented.":[199],"Recently,":[200],"Random":[201],"Projection":[202],"(RP)":[203],"has":[204],"emerged":[205],"powerful":[208],"method":[209,220,266,307],"reduction.":[212,269],"represents":[214],"computationally":[216],"simple":[217],"efficient":[219],"preserves":[222],"structure":[224],"data":[227],"without":[228],"introducing":[229],"very":[230],"significant":[231],"distortion.":[232],"Our":[233],"focus":[234],"was":[235],"investigate":[237],"offered":[241],"RP":[243],"perform":[245],"an":[246,264,346],"artificial":[247],"intelligent":[248],"According":[253],"experimental":[256,447],"results,":[257],"conclude":[259],"random":[261,289],"projection":[262,290],"optimal":[265],"our":[274,334],"study,":[275],"obtaining":[276],"higher":[278],"FR":[279],"rate":[280],"depends,":[281],"among":[282],"others,":[283],"choice":[286],"matrix":[291],"feature":[297],"vector":[298,381],"original":[300],"data.":[301,360],"Secondly,":[302],"propose":[304],"hybrid":[306],"achieve":[309],"purpose":[312],"using":[313,455],"semi":[314],"supervised":[315,320,372],"BPNN.":[316,373],"Traditionally,":[317],"BPNN":[318],"needs":[319],"training":[321,384],"learn":[323],"how":[324,451],"predict":[326],"results":[327,365,465],"from":[328,345],"desired":[329,340],"data,":[330],"idea":[332],"approach":[335],"get":[338],"output":[341],"exterior":[347],"classifier":[348],"(SOM)":[349],"then":[351],"back":[354],"propagation":[355],"algorithm":[356,453],"recognize":[358],"facial":[359],"Experiments":[361],"show":[362],"satisfying":[367],"comparison":[369],"with":[370],"Furthermore,":[374],"deduce":[377],"unlabeled":[380],"DB":[385],"generally":[386,428],"does":[387],"influence":[389],"task":[392],"due":[394],"its":[396],"generation":[397],"net":[401],"even":[403],"correct":[404],"some":[405],"misclassified":[406],"vectors.":[407],"third":[409],"study":[410],"concerns":[411],"use":[413],"Bhattacharyya":[415],"distance":[416,443,463],"calculate":[418],"total":[420],"error":[421,426],"network.":[424],"function":[427],"train":[431],"Mean":[436,457],"Square":[437,458],"Error":[438,459],"(MSE)":[439],"Euclidean":[442],"measure.":[444],"section":[448],"compare":[450],"converge":[454],"Bhataccharyya":[462],"indicated":[466],"image":[469],"recognized":[473],"proposed":[476],"effectively":[478],"swiftly.":[480]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
