{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409156101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740","title":"Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System of Public-Key Cryptography and Physical-Layer Security","display_name":"Key Exchange in the Quantum Era: Evaluating a Hybrid System of Public-Key Cryptography and Physical-Layer Security","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409156101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063239561","display_name":"Paul Staat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7539-4847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Staat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy,Bochum,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy,Bochum,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070681942","display_name":"Meik D\u00f6rpinghaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1257-0281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meik D\u00f6rpinghaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Dresden,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Dresden,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013353591","display_name":"Azadeh Sheikholeslami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-6428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24306055","display_name":"Suffolk University","ror":"https://ror.org/05y50nr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24306055"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azadeh Sheikholeslami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suffolk University,Math and Computer Science Department,Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suffolk University,Math and Computer Science Department,Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24306055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109039847","display_name":"Christof Paar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096592","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy","ror":"https://ror.org/00bj0r217","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christof Paar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy,Bochum,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy,Bochum,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096592"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116925524","display_name":"Gerhard Fcllwcis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I245417339","display_name":"Vodafone (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044qwkx83","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I245417339","https://openalex.org/I74316835"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Fcllwcis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Dresden,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universität Dresden,Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems,Dresden,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I245417339"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064436231","display_name":"Dennis Goeckel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4190-9515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Goeckel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts,Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering,Amherst,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts,Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering,Amherst,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73062228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.6745188236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6518597602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.629234790802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.6083555221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5522350668907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5343690514564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5180971026420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.2762863039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.21393924951553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06581231951713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.05875328183174133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.6745188236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6518597602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.629234790802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.6083555221557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5522350668907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5343690514564514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5180971026420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2762863039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.21393924951553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06581231951713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.05875328183174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss64860.2025.10944740","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 59th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513904472","https://openalex.org/W1913942112","https://openalex.org/W1940393681","https://openalex.org/W1967062849","https://openalex.org/W1979585071","https://openalex.org/W1983468898","https://openalex.org/W2023390350","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2084500851","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2159226773","https://openalex.org/W2160030828","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2412545089","https://openalex.org/W2587454507","https://openalex.org/W2918822786","https://openalex.org/W2946582523","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3012137371","https://openalex.org/W3134238321","https://openalex.org/W4221133636","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4379805395","https://openalex.org/W4390097216","https://openalex.org/W4404067993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126037447","https://openalex.org/W4243688874","https://openalex.org/W2284062947","https://openalex.org/W3173339789","https://openalex.org/W4302812179","https://openalex.org/W4252709806","https://openalex.org/W2081673223","https://openalex.org/W2888183313","https://openalex.org/W2154930424","https://openalex.org/W4288754535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"information":[1],"society":[2],"relies":[3],"on":[4,102],"cryptography":[5],"to":[6,27,80,87,134,142,156,159,179],"achieve":[7],"security":[8,40],"goals":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,45],"confidentiality,":[12],"integrity,":[13],"authentication,":[14],"and":[15,31,57,89,175],"non-repudiation":[16],"for":[17],"digital":[18,33],"communications.":[19],"Here,":[20],"public-key":[21,43,104,163],"cryptosystems":[22,44],"play":[23],"a":[24,97,116,123,129,136,144],"pivotal":[25],"role":[26],"share":[28],"encryption":[29],"keys":[30],"create":[32],"signatures.":[34],"However,":[35],"quantum":[36,65,113,118],"computers":[37,66],"threaten":[38],"the":[39,52,110,149,152,157,161,170],"of":[41,63,74,112,131],"traditional":[42],"they":[46],"can":[47],"tame":[48],"computational":[49],"problems":[50],"underlying":[51],"schemes,":[53],"i.e.,":[54],"discrete":[55],"logarithm":[56],"integer":[58],"factorization.":[59],"The":[60],"prospective":[61],"arrival":[62],"capable-enough":[64],"already":[67],"threatens":[68],"today's":[69],"secret":[70],"communication":[71],"in":[72],"terms":[73],"their":[75],"long-term":[76,145],"secrecy":[77,133],"when":[78],"stored":[79],"be":[81,180],"later":[82],"decrypted.":[83],"Therefore,":[84],"researchers":[85],"strive":[86],"develop":[88],"deploy":[90],"alternative":[91],"schemes.In":[92],"this":[93,166],"work,":[94],"we":[95,168],"evaluate":[96],"key":[98,139],"exchange":[99,140],"protocol":[100,150],"based":[101],"combining":[103],"schemes":[105],"with":[106],"physical-layer":[107,137],"security,":[108,174],"anticipating":[109],"prospect":[111],"attacks:":[114],"If":[115],"powerful":[117],"attacker":[119,158],"cannot":[120],"immediately":[121],"obtain":[122],"private":[124],"key,":[125],"legitimate":[126],"parties":[127],"have":[128],"window":[130],"short-term":[132],"perform":[135],"jamming":[138],"(JKE)":[141],"establish":[143],"shared":[146],"secret.":[147],"Thereby,":[148],"constraints":[151],"computation":[153],"time":[154],"available":[155],"break":[160],"employed":[162],"cryptography.":[164],"In":[165],"paper,":[167],"outline":[169],"protocol,":[171],"discuss":[172],"its":[173],"point":[176],"out":[177],"challenges":[178],"resolved.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}