{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023296402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","title":"Almost Uniform Sampling From Neural Networks","display_name":"Almost Uniform Sampling From Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023296402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","mag":"3023296402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070167898","display_name":"Changlong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changlong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030506196","display_name":"Narayana Santhanam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narayana Prasad Santhanam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070167898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52125534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.6584848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5715389251708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5384291410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5219492316246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.49358928203582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.4856454133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4844541549682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-walk","display_name":"Random walk","score":0.4129261374473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38258063793182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3798729479312897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3584425449371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.17052727937698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15724879503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13983258605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1383967399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08323392271995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07557672262191772}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.6584848165512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5862855315208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5715389251708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5384291410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5219492316246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.49358928203582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.4856454133987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4844541549682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121194460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856741","display_name":"Random walk","level":2,"score":0.4129261374473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38258063793182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3798729479312897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3584425449371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.17052727937698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15724879503250122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13983258605003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1383967399597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08323392271995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07557672262191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71992527","https://openalex.org/W607505555","https://openalex.org/W1542886316","https://openalex.org/W1598605567","https://openalex.org/W1600293573","https://openalex.org/W1966435519","https://openalex.org/W2004035289","https://openalex.org/W2057968941","https://openalex.org/W2186949511","https://openalex.org/W2608666998","https://openalex.org/W2885549115","https://openalex.org/W2962782102","https://openalex.org/W3023296402","https://openalex.org/W3143035341","https://openalex.org/W4236362309","https://openalex.org/W4250242114","https://openalex.org/W6602905475","https://openalex.org/W6641831867","https://openalex.org/W6686692906","https://openalex.org/W6729999211","https://openalex.org/W6771689812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597743604","https://openalex.org/W2038723108","https://openalex.org/W2033630974","https://openalex.org/W4245069437","https://openalex.org/W2325737604","https://openalex.org/W4297449606","https://openalex.org/W2382333285","https://openalex.org/W2076621518","https://openalex.org/W2141180764","https://openalex.org/W2142435463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"a":[1,8,12,80,86],"length":[2],"n":[3,61],"sample":[4,43],"from":[5,37],"${{\\mathbb{R}}^d}$":[6],"and":[7,24,62],"neural":[9],"network":[10],"with":[11,15,69],"fixed":[13],"architecture":[14],"W":[16,63,76],"weights,":[17],"k":[18],"neurons,":[19],"linear":[20],"threshold":[21],"activation":[22],"functions,":[23],"binary":[25],"outputs":[26],"on":[27,41],"each":[28],"neuron,":[29,82],"we":[30,83],"study":[31],"the":[32,42],"problem":[33],"of":[34,48],"uniformly":[35],"sampling":[36],"all":[38],"possible":[39],"labelings":[40],"corresponding":[44],"to":[45],"different":[46],"choices":[47],"weights.":[49],"We":[50],"provide":[51,85],"an":[52],"algorithm":[53,90],"that":[54,65,91],"runs":[55],"in":[56,60],"time":[57],"polynomial":[58],"both":[59],"such":[64],"any":[66],"labeling":[67],"appears":[68],"probability":[70],"at":[71],"least${\\left(":[72],"{\\frac{W}{{2ekn}}}":[73],"\\right)^W}$":[74],"for":[75],"<":[77],"n.":[78],"For":[79],"single":[81],"also":[84],"random":[87],"walk":[88],"based":[89],"samples":[92],"exactly":[93],"uniformly.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}