{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155349378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","title":"IM session identification by outlier detection in cross-correlation functions","display_name":"IM session identification by outlier detection in cross-correlation functions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155349378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","mag":"2155349378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 49th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/im-session-identification-by-outlier-detection-in-crosscorrelation-functions(45fe87c4-b98e-45bb-a683-0449ce2bdef7).html","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013480158","display_name":"Saad Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-9548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025328314","display_name":"Muhammad Ilyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-4361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad U. Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064767611","display_name":"Khawar Khurshid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-2592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khawar Khurshid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008787905","display_name":"Alex X. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015107642","display_name":"Hayder Radha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayder Radha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engg, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013480158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83078282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7126762866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6458540558815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5888087749481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5740354657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5715454816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.5654072165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.5485246777534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5416832566261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5078137516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4990980625152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-positive-rate","display_name":"True positive rate","score":0.498685359954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.46654415130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24805092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10928916931152344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7126762866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6458540558815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5888087749481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5740354657173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5715454816818237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.5654072165489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.5485246777534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5416832566261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5078137516975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4990980625152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989486834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3808900","display_name":"True positive rate","level":2,"score":0.498685359954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46654415130615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24805092811584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10928916931152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2015.7086851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 49th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/e8efccb5-6f47-4879-8000-95bc64fb7518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/e8efccb5-6f47-4879-8000-95bc64fb7518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Saleh, S, Ilyas, M U, Khurshid, K, Liu, A X & Radha, H 2015, IM session identification by outlier detection in cross-correlation functions. in 2015 49th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)., 7086851, IEEE, pp. 1-5, 2015 49th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS), 18/03/15. https://doi.org/10.1109/CISS.2015.7086851","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/45fe87c4-b98e-45bb-a683-0449ce2bdef7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/im-session-identification-by-outlier-detection-in-crosscorrelation-functions(45fe87c4-b98e-45bb-a683-0449ce2bdef7).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Johns Hopkins University","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/45fe87c4-b98e-45bb-a683-0449ce2bdef7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/im-session-identification-by-outlier-detection-in-crosscorrelation-functions(45fe87c4-b98e-45bb-a683-0449ce2bdef7).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Johns Hopkins University","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982647002","https://openalex.org/W2001984188","https://openalex.org/W2034866749","https://openalex.org/W2058864908","https://openalex.org/W2059956628","https://openalex.org/W2079011622","https://openalex.org/W2099215689","https://openalex.org/W2103133870","https://openalex.org/W2105596342","https://openalex.org/W2112178441","https://openalex.org/W2127295197","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2135930857","https://openalex.org/W2143445293","https://openalex.org/W2155037825","https://openalex.org/W2155396048","https://openalex.org/W2156095102","https://openalex.org/W2159675343","https://openalex.org/W2164474834","https://openalex.org/W2532672224","https://openalex.org/W2540085104","https://openalex.org/W6680267248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W101962219","https://openalex.org/W3119537175","https://openalex.org/W2951146195","https://openalex.org/W2735767444","https://openalex.org/W4292605373","https://openalex.org/W3123215897","https://openalex.org/W2097358316","https://openalex.org/W2810356275","https://openalex.org/W2208028087","https://openalex.org/W3164550676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"identification":[1],"of":[2,16,21,44,69,78,106],"encrypted":[3],"Instant":[4],"Messaging":[5],"(IM)":[6],"channels":[7],"between":[8,52],"users":[9,54],"is":[10],"made":[11],"difficult":[12],"by":[13],"the":[14,63,107,112],"presence":[15],"variable":[17],"and":[18,55,101,125],"high":[19],"levels":[20],"uncorrelated":[22],"background":[23],"traffic.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"a":[30,41,66],"novel":[31],"Cross-correlation":[32],"Outlier":[33],"Detector":[34],"(CCOD)":[35],"to":[36,118],"identify":[37],"communicating":[38],"end-users":[39],"in":[40],"large":[42],"group":[43],"users.":[45],"Our":[46],"technique":[47,89],"uses":[48],"traffic":[49,72],"flow":[50],"traces":[51,73],"individual":[53],"IM":[56,71],"service":[57],"provider's":[58],"data":[59,67,114],"center.":[60],"We":[61],"evaluate":[62],"CCOD":[64],"on":[65,111],"set":[68,81,115],"Yahoo!":[70],"with":[74],"an":[75],"average":[76],"SNR":[77],"-6.11dB":[79],"(data":[80],"includes":[82],"ground":[83],"truth).":[84],"Results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"our":[88],"provides":[90],"88%":[91],"true":[92],"positives":[93,98],"(TP)":[94],"rate,":[95,121],"3%":[96],"false":[97],"(FP)":[99],"rate":[100,124],"96%":[102],"ROC":[103,127],"area.":[104,128],"Performance":[105],"previous":[108],"correlation-based":[109],"schemes":[110],"same":[113],"was":[116],"limited":[117],"63%":[119],"TP":[120],"4%":[122],"FP":[123],"85%":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}