{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981778035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","title":"Required number of small-cells in heterogenous networks with non-uniform traffic distribution","display_name":"Required number of small-cells in heterogenous networks with non-uniform traffic distribution","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981778035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","mag":"1981778035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 48th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053614038","display_name":"S. Alireza Banani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Alireza Banani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046532019","display_name":"Andrew W. Eckford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew W. Eckford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, York University, Toronto, CANADA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, York University, Toronto, CANADA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070888504","display_name":"Raviraj Adve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raviraj S. Adve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053614038"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56690412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.972028374671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6932328939437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.676850438117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6491128206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-reuse","display_name":"Frequency reuse","score":0.5837674736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5655771493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.498915433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49371132254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtocell","display_name":"Femtocell","score":0.4846506714820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-crystal-system","display_name":"Hexagonal crystal system","score":0.4686908721923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4644831120967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.45630282163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4276282787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.38761407136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.167420893907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1428588628768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.14093592762947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.13424929976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1251007616519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07909372448921204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.972028374671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6932328939437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.676850438117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6491128206253052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985367402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Frequency reuse","level":3,"score":0.5837674736976624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5655771493911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.498915433883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49371132254600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152504517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572455","display_name":"Femtocell","level":3,"score":0.4846506714820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128765274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663314","display_name":"Hexagonal crystal system","level":2,"score":0.4686908721923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4644831120967865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.45630282163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4276282787322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.38761407136917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.167420893907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1428588628768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.14093592762947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.13424929976463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1251007616519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07909372448921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2014.6814184","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 48th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1999509241","https://openalex.org/W2109159967","https://openalex.org/W2122496159","https://openalex.org/W2127337238","https://openalex.org/W2140516423","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2155860576","https://openalex.org/W2165260571","https://openalex.org/W2165874967","https://openalex.org/W2497369044","https://openalex.org/W3105072513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040311827","https://openalex.org/W2034139677","https://openalex.org/W2206637726","https://openalex.org/W1963961484","https://openalex.org/W1604019159","https://openalex.org/W2061178642","https://openalex.org/W2038100353","https://openalex.org/W1985177245","https://openalex.org/W2047702126","https://openalex.org/W3184150570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,97],"operation":[1],"of":[2,24,58],"a":[3,32,72,103],"primary":[4],"macrocell":[5],"(MC)":[6],"network":[7,35,107],"can":[8],"be":[9],"efficiently":[10],"supported":[11],"by":[12],"secondary":[13],"small":[14],"cells":[15],"(SCs)":[16],"deployed":[17],"in":[18],"traffic":[19,43],"hotspots":[20,66],"and/or":[21],"outage":[22],"areas":[23,67],"the":[25,55,65,88,91,95],"MCs.":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper":[29],"we":[30,49],"consider":[31],"downlink":[33],"heterogeneous":[34],"with":[36],"frequency":[37],"reuse-1":[38],"hexagonal":[39],"MCs":[40],"and":[41,68,78,94,109],"non-uniform":[42],"density":[44],"distribution.":[45],"Assuming":[46],"isolated":[47],"SCs,":[48],"provide":[50],"an":[51],"analytical":[52,81,92],"formulation":[53],"for":[54],"average":[56],"number":[57],"SCs":[59],"(per":[60],"MC)":[61],"required":[62],"to":[63,75,105],"cover":[64],"overcome":[69],"outages":[70],"within":[71],"MC":[73],"(due":[74],"path":[76],"loss":[77],"shadowing).":[79],"framework":[82],"is":[83],"validated":[84],"via":[85],"simulations,":[86],"confirming":[87],"agreement":[89],"between":[90],"results":[93],"simulations.":[96],"expressions":[98],"developed":[99],"are":[100],"useful":[101],"as":[102],"tool":[104],"guide":[106],"design":[108],"subsequent":[110],"deployment.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
