{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068575401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","title":"User authentication through biometric sensors and decision fusion","display_name":"User authentication through biometric sensors and decision fusion","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068575401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","mag":"2068575401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070824862","display_name":"Sayandeep Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9745-5276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayandeep Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103556193","display_name":"Alex Fridman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Fridman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101923311","display_name":"Patrick McKinley Brennan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-8984"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Brennan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Juola & Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Juola & Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juola & Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juola & Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042788880","display_name":"Patrick Juola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2578-6233"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Juola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Juola & Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Juola & Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juola & Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Juola & Assoc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005882490","display_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-1785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Greenstadt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047426159","display_name":"Moshe Kam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Kam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070824862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9575362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.793893575668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.681399941444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6447046995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5767585039138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-center","display_name":"Fusion center","score":0.5481564998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5337079167366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5329970121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5051575303077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5035681128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030822157859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.502295732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.4316375255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.42274317145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41523852944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38121262192726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3634569048881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20786798000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.1923176348209381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14822927117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09851086139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0962073802947998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.793893575668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.681399941444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6447046995162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5767585039138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943505","display_name":"Fusion center","level":4,"score":0.5481564998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5337079167366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5329970121383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5051575303077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5035681128501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030822157859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.502295732498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4316375255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.42274317145347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41523852944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38121262192726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3634569048881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20786798000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.1923176348209381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14822927117347717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09851086139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0962073802947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss.2013.6552271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 47th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58039618","https://openalex.org/W571898111","https://openalex.org/W1500551892","https://openalex.org/W1557918995","https://openalex.org/W1591763911","https://openalex.org/W1602485673","https://openalex.org/W1971565662","https://openalex.org/W1977470670","https://openalex.org/W1992305526","https://openalex.org/W2000147971","https://openalex.org/W2004086735","https://openalex.org/W2004215803","https://openalex.org/W2018481933","https://openalex.org/W2033708634","https://openalex.org/W2036971269","https://openalex.org/W2089669290","https://openalex.org/W2093197020","https://openalex.org/W2101294471","https://openalex.org/W2124241094","https://openalex.org/W2131976234","https://openalex.org/W2135421887","https://openalex.org/W2136928336","https://openalex.org/W2137218731","https://openalex.org/W2141666987","https://openalex.org/W2157245832","https://openalex.org/W2158877422","https://openalex.org/W2163614729","https://openalex.org/W2169513470","https://openalex.org/W3099176578","https://openalex.org/W6635966985","https://openalex.org/W6684935427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153292769","https://openalex.org/W2045444909","https://openalex.org/W1516398359","https://openalex.org/W2000147971","https://openalex.org/W1558339915","https://openalex.org/W2066353259","https://openalex.org/W2734417830","https://openalex.org/W2349308680","https://openalex.org/W2060761112","https://openalex.org/W413436171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,124],"interaction":[1,48],"between":[2,240],"humans":[3],"and":[4,7,19,83,86,175,224,246,291],"most":[5,209],"desktop":[6],"laptop":[8],"computers":[9],"is":[10,104,133],"often":[11],"performed":[12],"through":[13],"two":[14,242],"input":[15],"devices:":[16],"the":[17,20,32,45,66,75,81,84,101,112,144,149,158,165,171,177,181,188,191,202,212,219,232,235,241,248],"keyboard":[18,82,289],"mouse.":[21],"Continuous":[22],"tracking":[23],"of":[24,34,41,56,100,114,126,151,160,170,183,190,214,260],"these":[25,50],"devices":[26],"provides":[27,238],"an":[28,154,252,282],"opportunity":[29],"to":[30,64,91,135,147,179,187,211,250],"verify":[31],"identity":[33],"a":[35,39,54,60,93,118,136,268,279],"user,":[36],"based":[37,255],"on":[38,157,194,256,267],"profile":[40],"behavioral":[42],"biometrics":[43],"from":[44,69,80,272],"user's":[46],"previous":[47],"with":[49],"devices.":[51],"We":[52,163,263],"propose":[53],"bank":[55],"sensors,":[57,234],"each":[58,127,184],"feeding":[59],"binary":[61,98,120],"detector":[62],"(trying":[63],"distinguish":[65],"authentic":[67],"user":[68,195,216],"all":[70],"others).":[71],"In":[72,197],"this":[73,198],"study":[74],"detectors":[76,116],"use":[77,143,176],"features":[78,103],"derived":[79],"mouse,":[85],"their":[87,288],"decisions":[88],"are":[89,208,229],"fused":[90],"develop":[92],"global":[94,192,243],"authentication":[95],"decision.":[96],"classification":[99],"individual":[102,185],"developed":[105],"using":[106],"Naive":[107],"Bayes":[108],"Classifiers":[109],"which":[110],"play":[111],"role":[113],"local":[115,205,233],"in":[117,281],"parallel":[119],"decision":[121,193],"fusion":[122,236],"architecture.":[123],"conclusion":[125],"classifier":[128],"('authentic":[129],"user'":[130],"or":[131],"'other')":[132],"sent":[134],"Decision":[137],"Fusion":[138],"Center":[139],"(DFC)":[140],"where":[141],"we":[142,200,286],"Neyman-Pearson":[145],"criterion":[146],"maximize":[148],"probability":[150,159],"detection":[152,173],"under":[153],"upper":[155],"bound":[156],"false":[161,220,225,261],"alarms.":[162,262],"compute":[164],"receiver":[166],"operating":[167,253],"characteristic":[168],"(ROC)":[169],"resulting":[172],"scheme,":[174],"ROC":[178],"assess":[180],"contribution":[182],"sensor":[186],"quality":[189],"authenticity.":[196],"manner":[199],"identify":[201],"characteristics":[203],"(and":[204],"detectors)":[206],"that":[207],"significant":[210],"development":[213],"correct":[215],"authentication.":[217],"While":[218],"accept":[221],"rate":[222,227],"(FAR)":[223],"reject":[226],"(FRR)":[228],"fixed":[230],"for":[231,278],"center":[237],"trade-off":[239],"error":[244],"rates,":[245],"allows":[247],"designer":[249],"fix":[251],"point":[254],"hislher":[257],"tolerance":[258],"level":[259],"test":[264],"our":[265],"approach":[266],"real-world":[269],"dataset":[270],"collected":[271],"10":[273],"office":[274,283],"workers,":[275],"who":[276],"worked":[277],"week":[280],"environment":[284],"as":[285],"tracked":[287],"dynamics":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}