{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124715557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","title":"Evolving TCP/IP packets: A case study of port scans","display_name":"Evolving TCP/IP packets: A case study of port scans","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124715557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","mag":"2124715557"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018820336","display_name":"Patrick LaRoche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick LaRoche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008462534","display_name":"A. Nur Zincir\u2010Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-7265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Zincir-Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003699164","display_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm I. Heywood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018820336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83088471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.8631383180618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.8446862697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8308321833610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzz-testing","display_name":"Fuzz testing","score":0.6215870976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5597417950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.5582447052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5274118185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.518251895904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.46002382040023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4224264621734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4200955927371979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38265880942344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35098493099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29876282811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20273622870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0825367271900177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.8631383180618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.8446862697601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8308321833610535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111065885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189053","display_name":"Fuzz testing","level":3,"score":0.6215870976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5597417950630188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.5582447052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5274118185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.518251895904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.46002382040023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4224264621734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4200955927371979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38265880942344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35098493099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29876282811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20273622870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0825367271900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cisda.2009.5356541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516506771","https://openalex.org/W1527422375","https://openalex.org/W1591826096","https://openalex.org/W1604044955","https://openalex.org/W1649901946","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1744212210","https://openalex.org/W1781758015","https://openalex.org/W2085533912","https://openalex.org/W2108303927","https://openalex.org/W2109599309","https://openalex.org/W2135143063","https://openalex.org/W2148293771","https://openalex.org/W2159919478","https://openalex.org/W4239856175","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6638056121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061466315","https://openalex.org/W2376886931","https://openalex.org/W1992118813","https://openalex.org/W2010561419","https://openalex.org/W2374845301","https://openalex.org/W2351448539","https://openalex.org/W1977863481","https://openalex.org/W2384741105","https://openalex.org/W3157271777","https://openalex.org/W2377372927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,87],"this":[1,27],"work,":[2],"we":[3,68,94],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,51,80,104,110,114,118,124],"ability":[6],"of":[7,82,98],"genetic":[8],"programming":[9],"techniques":[10],"to":[11,40,56,89,112],"evolve":[12,95],"valid":[13,130],"network":[14,66],"packets,":[15,132],"including":[16],"all":[17],"relevant":[18],"header":[19],"values,":[20],"towards":[21,59,72],"a":[22,29,34,47,70,74,83,96],"specific":[23],"goal.":[24],"We":[25],"see":[26],"as":[28],"first":[30],"step":[31,71],"in":[32,137],"building":[33],"fuzzing":[35],"system":[36,48,75,125],"that":[37,49,53,76,123],"can":[38,77],"learn":[39],"adapt":[41],"for":[42],"vulnerability":[43],"analysis.":[44],"By":[45],"developing":[46],"learns":[50],"packets":[52,105],"are":[54],"required":[55],"be":[57],"transmitted":[58],"targets,":[60],"using":[61],"feedback":[62],"from":[63],"an":[64,107],"external":[65],"source,":[67],"make":[69],"having":[73],"intelligently":[78],"explore":[79],"capabilities":[81,93],"given":[84],"security":[85],"system.":[86],"order":[88],"validate":[90],"our":[91],"system's":[92],"variety":[97],"port":[99],"scan":[100],"patterns":[101],"while":[102],"running":[103],"through":[106],"IDS,":[108],"with":[109],"goal":[111],"minimizes":[113],"alarms":[115],"raised":[116],"during":[117],"scanning":[119],"process.":[120],"Results":[121],"show":[122],"not":[126],"only":[127],"successfully":[128],"evolves":[129],"TCP":[131],"but":[133],"also":[134],"remains":[135],"stealthy":[136],"its":[138],"activity.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}