{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805360655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","title":"Shallow Decision-Making Analysis in General Video Game Playing","display_name":"Shallow Decision-Making Analysis in General Video Game Playing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805360655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","mag":"2805360655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015062937","display_name":"Ivan Bravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Bravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058274276","display_name":"Diego P\u00e9rez-Li\u00e9bana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Perez-Liebana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062380176","display_name":"Simon M. Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-7451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456636","display_name":"Jialin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7047-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015062937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3384,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67632776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7969963550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.6576300859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5866921544075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5780264735221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5559094548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4870813190937042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.48076650500297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4460693299770355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.434339702129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/introspection","display_name":"Introspection","score":0.4285767078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.41029495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3437839150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09746703505516052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7969963550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.6576300859451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5866921544075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5780264735221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5559094548225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4870813190937042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.48076650500297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4460693299770355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.434339702129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129671850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210501","display_name":"Introspection","level":2,"score":0.4285767078399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.41029495000839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3437839150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09746703505516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2018.8490365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.01151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01151","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2805360655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01151v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1806.01151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.01151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1806.01151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.01151","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1806.01151","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805360655.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805360655.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W788042400","https://openalex.org/W2028208918","https://openalex.org/W2099587183","https://openalex.org/W2125693710","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2160237541","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2169819076","https://openalex.org/W2201714122","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2490603777","https://openalex.org/W2589169860","https://openalex.org/W2589349991","https://openalex.org/W2598636128","https://openalex.org/W2727836376","https://openalex.org/W2766162456","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2767922802","https://openalex.org/W2789184669","https://openalex.org/W2790436215","https://openalex.org/W3164818296","https://openalex.org/W6639581174","https://openalex.org/W6675434749","https://openalex.org/W6740208863","https://openalex.org/W6745707474","https://openalex.org/W7046902500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964088926","https://openalex.org/W2590714056","https://openalex.org/W2001786981","https://openalex.org/W2559225160","https://openalex.org/W20113720","https://openalex.org/W2896539953","https://openalex.org/W2966059979","https://openalex.org/W3167792938","https://openalex.org/W2576779203","https://openalex.org/W3165720860","https://openalex.org/W3046584790","https://openalex.org/W2197356637","https://openalex.org/W2982534290","https://openalex.org/W1899406468","https://openalex.org/W1955510565","https://openalex.org/W2891945572","https://openalex.org/W2474965244","https://openalex.org/W2765692642","https://openalex.org/W2255088603","https://openalex.org/W2794254934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,127,169],"General":[1],"Video":[2],"Game":[3],"AI":[4,149],"competitions":[5],"have":[6,39],"been":[7,40],"the":[8,30,35,71,78,98,101,108,111,145,154,162,165],"testing":[9],"ground":[10],"for":[11,14,63],"several":[12,124],"techniques":[13],"game-playing,":[15],"such":[16,133],"as":[17],"evolutionary":[18],"computation":[19],"techniques,":[20],"tree":[21,116],"search":[22],"algorithms,":[23],"hyper-heuristic-based":[24],"or":[25],"knowledge-based":[26],"algorithms.":[27],"So":[28],"far":[29],"metrics":[31,58,69,99,171],"used":[32,105],"to":[33,87,106,143,179],"evaluate":[34],"performance":[36],"of":[37,47,57,91,110,118,147,164,183],"agents":[38,158],"win":[41],"ratio,":[42],"game":[43],"score":[44],"and":[45,59,65,70,82,100,137,172,185],"length":[46],"games.":[48],"In":[49,95],"this":[50,96],"paper":[51],"we":[52],"provide":[53],"a":[54,60,115,176],"wider":[55],"set":[56],"comparison":[61,72,102,155,173],"method":[62,73,103,174],"evaluating":[64],"comparing":[66,122],"agents.":[67,126],"give":[74],"shallow":[75],"introspection":[76],"into":[77],"agent's":[79,187],"decision-making":[80],"process":[81],"they":[83],"can":[84,140,159],"be":[85,141],"applied":[86],"any":[88],"agent":[89,166],"regardless":[90],"its":[92],"algorithmic":[93],"nature.":[94],"work,":[97],"are":[104],"measure":[107],"impact":[109],"terms":[112],"that":[113],"compose":[114],"policy":[117],"an":[119,148],"MCTS-based":[120],"agent,":[121,150],"with":[123,156],"baseline":[125,157],"results":[128],"clearly":[129],"show":[130],"how":[131,138,153],"promising":[132],"general":[134],"approach":[135],"is":[136],"it":[139],"useful":[142],"understand":[144],"behaviour":[146],"in":[151],"particular,":[152],"help":[160],"understanding":[161],"shape":[163],"decision":[167],"landscape.":[168],"presented":[170],"represent":[175],"step":[177],"toward":[178],"more":[180],"descriptive":[181],"ways":[182],"logging":[184],"analysing":[186],"behaviours.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
