{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2589349991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","title":"Enhancements for real-time Monte-Carlo Tree Search in General Video Game Playing","display_name":"Enhancements for real-time Monte-Carlo Tree Search in General Video Game Playing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2589349991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","mag":"2589349991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/661c09e2-2b4f-41cf-a64b-68effb6eff19","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049574317","display_name":"Dennis J. N. J. Soemers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3241-8957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis J. N. J. Soemers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076426433","display_name":"Chiara F. Sironi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-9653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara F. Sironi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058295083","display_name":"Torsten Schuster","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torsten Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013661099","display_name":"Mark H. M. Winands","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-0824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","display_name":"Maastricht University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jz4aj89","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark H. M. Winands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science and Knowledge Engineering, Maastricht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.2745,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9794276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.948356032371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8027348518371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.6148654222488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.6045339107513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.594305694103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.5823022127151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game","display_name":"Video game","score":0.5715473294258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5437371730804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5258220434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5080244541168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.4891253113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-tree","display_name":"Search tree","score":0.4724424481391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46814826130867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.3797565698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.291581928730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.28923407196998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.23082712292671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2129898965358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.13614585995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11017158627510071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.948356032371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8027348518371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.6148654222488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.6045339107513428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.594305694103241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.5823022127151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018412434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7889","display_name":"Video game","level":2,"score":0.5715473294258118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5437371730804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5258220434188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5080244541168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4891253113746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.4724424481391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46814826130867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.3797565698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.291581928730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.28923407196998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.23082712292671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2129898965358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.13614585995674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11017158627510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2016.7860448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/661c09e2-2b4f-41cf-a64b-68effb6eff19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/661c09e2-2b4f-41cf-a64b-68effb6eff19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soemers, D J N J, Sironi, C F, Schuster, T & Winands, M H M 2016, Enhancements for Real-Time Monte-Carlo Tree Search in General Video Game Playing. in 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 436-443, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), Santorini, Greece, 20/09/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIG.2016.7860448","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.03049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.03049","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.03049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/661c09e2-2b4f-41cf-a64b-68effb6eff19","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/661c09e2-2b4f-41cf-a64b-68effb6eff19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Soemers, D J N J, Sironi, C F, Schuster, T & Winands, M H M 2016, Enhancements for Real-Time Monte-Carlo Tree Search in General Video Game Playing. in 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG). IEEE, IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games, pp. 436-443, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG), Santorini, Greece, 20/09/16. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIG.2016.7860448","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2579724397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"612.001.121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W959464167","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1714211023","https://openalex.org/W1889013705","https://openalex.org/W1891427008","https://openalex.org/W1910077957","https://openalex.org/W1944144827","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1991331404","https://openalex.org/W2025400977","https://openalex.org/W2028208918","https://openalex.org/W2065339974","https://openalex.org/W2075848246","https://openalex.org/W2090255638","https://openalex.org/W2095103538","https://openalex.org/W2099587183","https://openalex.org/W2109554237","https://openalex.org/W2125693710","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2143610817","https://openalex.org/W2150468603","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2169487610","https://openalex.org/W2171666833","https://openalex.org/W2279668280","https://openalex.org/W2569196563","https://openalex.org/W2733799446","https://openalex.org/W3103780890","https://openalex.org/W4232217679","https://openalex.org/W6639581174","https://openalex.org/W6639645198","https://openalex.org/W6675434749","https://openalex.org/W6695532516","https://openalex.org/W6740701745"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383535542","https://openalex.org/W3193783858","https://openalex.org/W4383560925","https://openalex.org/W2523674799","https://openalex.org/W1973194029","https://openalex.org/W2102256448","https://openalex.org/W4323526614","https://openalex.org/W2567165815","https://openalex.org/W4327811054","https://openalex.org/W2188928203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General":[0],"Video":[1],"Game":[2,77],"Playing":[3],"(GVGP)":[4],"is":[5,36,147],"a":[6,14,37,139,144],"field":[7],"of":[8,16,29,80,96,153],"Artificial":[9],"Intelligence":[10],"where":[11],"agents":[12,152],"play":[13],"variety":[15],"real-time":[17],"video":[18],"games":[19,131],"that":[20,43,146],"are":[21,82,88,100,107],"unknown":[22],"in":[23,57,93,114,136,157],"advance.":[24],"This":[25,50],"limits":[26],"the":[27,94,124,150,154],"use":[28],"domain-specific":[30,48],"heuristics.":[31],"Monte-Carlo":[32],"Tree":[33,64,67],"Search":[34],"(MCTS)":[35],"search":[38],"technique":[39],"for":[40,55,103],"game":[41],"playing":[42],"does":[44],"not":[45],"rely":[46],"on":[47],"knowledge.":[49],"paper":[51],"discusses":[52],"eight":[53],"enhancements":[54,102,106],"MCTS":[56,141],"GVGP;":[58],"Progressive":[59],"History,":[60],"N-Gram":[61],"Selection":[62],"Technique,":[63],"Reuse,":[65],"Breadth-First":[66],"Initialization,":[68],"Loss":[69],"Avoidance,":[70],"Novelty-Based":[71],"Pruning,":[72],"Knowledge-Based":[73],"Evaluations,":[74],"and":[75,87,98],"Deterministic":[76],"Detection.":[78],"Some":[79],"these":[81],"known":[83],"from":[84,132],"existing":[85],"literature,":[86],"either":[89],"extended":[90],"or":[91],"introduced":[92],"context":[95],"GVGP,":[97],"some":[99],"novel":[101],"MCTS.":[104],"Most":[105],"shown":[108],"to":[109,134,138],"provide":[110],"statistically":[111],"significant":[112],"increases":[113],"win":[115,126],"percentages":[116],"when":[117],"applied":[118],"individually.":[119],"When":[120],"combined,":[121],"they":[122],"increase":[123],"average":[125],"percentage":[127],"over":[128],"sixty":[129],"different":[130],"31.0%":[133],"48.4%":[135],"comparison":[137],"vanilla":[140],"implementation,":[142],"approaching":[143],"level":[145],"competitive":[148],"with":[149],"best":[151],"GVG-AI":[155],"competition":[156],"2015.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}