{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090410145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","title":"Dynamic difficulty for checkers and Chinese chess","display_name":"Dynamic difficulty for checkers and Chinese chess","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090410145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","mag":"2090410145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068058464","display_name":"Laurentiu Ilici","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurentiu Ilici","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050597833","display_name":"Jiaojian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-5709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaojian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050835853","display_name":"Olana Missura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olana Missura","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025793777","display_name":"Thomas G\u00e4rtner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144576","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04nc32781","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Gartner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems, Sankt Augustin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems, Sankt Augustin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144576"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068058464"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12005512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subroutine","display_name":"Subroutine","score":0.6962250471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6689866781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6263253092765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1752336621284485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96147967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190686","display_name":"Subroutine","level":2,"score":0.6962250471115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6689866781234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6263253092765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1752336621284485}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2012.6374138","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/378933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/378933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27261483","https://openalex.org/W46458329","https://openalex.org/W164981378","https://openalex.org/W1584106340","https://openalex.org/W1597864774","https://openalex.org/W1995987707","https://openalex.org/W2097548613","https://openalex.org/W2125266638","https://openalex.org/W2153975459","https://openalex.org/W2224682476","https://openalex.org/W2299528423","https://openalex.org/W2541665257","https://openalex.org/W4230941988","https://openalex.org/W4232217679","https://openalex.org/W6606662933","https://openalex.org/W6634985995","https://openalex.org/W6674793565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2391861012","https://openalex.org/W2488336788","https://openalex.org/W4285469493","https://openalex.org/W1593224248","https://openalex.org/W2080384954","https://openalex.org/W2375766869","https://openalex.org/W4382519933","https://openalex.org/W3151465598","https://openalex.org/W2368144149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,21],"practical":[3],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,48,56,67,79],"a":[6,91],"theoretically":[7],"sound":[8],"algorithm":[9,27],"for":[10,96],"dynamic":[11],"difficulty":[12,98],"adjustment":[13,99],"in":[14,32,100],"computer":[15,101],"games:":[16],"Firstly,":[17],"we":[18,43],"show":[19],"how":[20],"partially":[22],"ordered":[23],"set":[24],"master":[25],"(Posm)":[26],"[11]":[28],"can":[29,87],"be":[30],"incorporated":[31],"board":[33],"games,":[34],"taking":[35],"checkers":[36,52],"and":[37,70,93],"Chinese":[38,74],"chess":[39,63,75],"as":[40,90],"examples.":[41],"Secondly,":[42],"describe":[44],"an":[45],"empirical":[46],"study":[47],"(i)":[49],"Posm":[50,60,72,86],"on":[51,61,73],"against":[53,64,76],"synthetic":[54,65],"opponents":[55,66,78],"varying":[57,68,80],"strength,":[58,69],"(ii)":[59],"chinese":[62],"(iii)":[71],"human":[77],"strength.":[81],"Our":[82],"results":[83],"indicate":[84],"that":[85],"indeed":[88],"serve":[89],"flexible":[92],"effective":[94],"subroutine":[95],"dynamical":[97],"games.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}