{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116038421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","title":"Monte-Carlo tree search in Ms. Pac-Man","display_name":"Monte-Carlo tree search in Ms. Pac-Man","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116038421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","mag":"2116038421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG'11)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067852222","display_name":"Nozomu Ikehata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nozomu Ikehata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864515","display_name":"Takeshi Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5253-1036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"39","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11705","display_name":"Gambling Behavior and Treatments","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.882668137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7367342114448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6404226422309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6043996214866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.5497744679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5454698801040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-tree","display_name":"Search tree","score":0.49409011006355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.4700559377670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.43854403495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.429095983505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4118542969226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.36116164922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3281567692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.21472245454788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16154226660728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07592698931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07370442152023315}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.882668137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7367342114448547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6404226422309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6043996214866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.5497744679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5454698801040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207024777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621673","display_name":"Search tree","level":3,"score":0.49409011006355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4700559377670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.43854403495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.429095983505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4118542969226837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.36116164922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3281567692756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.21472245454788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16154226660728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07592698931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07370442152023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cig.2011.6031987","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG'11)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176827212","https://openalex.org/W1562282139","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1714211023","https://openalex.org/W2132990921","https://openalex.org/W6607116948","https://openalex.org/W6633869120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383535542","https://openalex.org/W3193783858","https://openalex.org/W4383560925","https://openalex.org/W2523674799","https://openalex.org/W1973194029","https://openalex.org/W2102256448","https://openalex.org/W4323526614","https://openalex.org/W4327811054","https://openalex.org/W4322703856","https://openalex.org/W2188928203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,45,56,97,105,114,131,150,161,164],"method":[4,132],"for":[5,28,96],"solving":[6],"the":[7,14,17,24,34,38,69,84,92,122,126,137,168,177,195],"problem":[8],"of":[9,13,19,26,36,59,68,94,121,128,139,163,179,189,197],"avoiding":[10],"pincer":[11,143],"moves":[12,82,144],"ghosts":[15],"in":[16,113,176,187],"game":[18,58,107,116],"Ms.":[20,29,118],"Pac-Man":[21],"to":[22,42,52,103,135,192],"enhance":[23],"chance":[25],"survival":[27],"Pac-Man.":[30],"To":[31],"achieve":[32],"this,":[33],"approach":[35],"using":[37],"UCT":[39,64],"(UCB":[40],"applied":[41],"trees)":[43],"algorithm,":[44],"Monte-Carlo":[46],"tree":[47,70,108],"search":[48,71],"algorithm":[49,65],"that":[50,109],"proved":[51],"be":[53],"successful":[54],"with":[55],"computer":[57],"Go,":[60],"was":[61,133,185],"employed.":[62],"The":[63],"is":[66,101],"one":[67],"algorithms":[72],"based":[73,87],"on":[74,80,88,156],"simulations":[75,155],"and":[76,91,125,145,171],"performs":[77],"many":[78],"searches":[79,95],"potential":[81],"weighing":[83],"mean":[85],"reward":[86],"random":[89],"simulation":[90],"number":[93],"node.":[98],"Although":[99],"it":[100],"difficult":[102],"build":[104],"complete":[106],"considers":[110],"all":[111],"situations":[112,148],"real-time":[115],"like":[117],"Pac-Man,":[119],"because":[120],"time":[123],"limitation":[124],"extent":[127],"implicit":[129],"information,":[130],"developed":[134],"predict":[136],"probability":[138],"being":[140],"trapped":[141],"from":[142],"avoid":[146],"such":[147],"at":[149],"feasible":[151],"cost":[152],"by":[153],"repeating":[154],"similar":[157],"discretized":[158],"situations.":[159],"As":[160],"result":[162],"performance":[165,178],"comparison":[166],"between":[167],"proposed":[169,180,198],"system":[170,181],"existing":[172,183],"programs,":[173],"significant":[174],"improvement":[175],"over":[182],"programs":[184],"observed":[186],"terms":[188],"its":[190],"ability":[191],"survive,":[193],"implying":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"method.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}