{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098574065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","title":"Clustering-based activity classification with a wrist-worn accelerometer using basic features","display_name":"Clustering-based activity classification with a wrist-worn accelerometer using basic features","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098574065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","mag":"2098574065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069221764","display_name":"Pekka Siirtola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-5421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Siirtola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053068969","display_name":"Perttu Laurinen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perttu Laurinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111885731","display_name":"Eija Haapalainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eija Haapalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070507098","display_name":"Juha R\u00f6ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Roning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Group, P.O. BOX 4500, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047538557","display_name":"Hannu Kinnunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-8708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135473","display_name":"Polar (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xptpz88","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135473"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannu Kinnunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polar Electro Oy, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polar Electro Oy, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7763725519180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.7576603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6726713180541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6443260908126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5557246208190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5136486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.4790431261062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4698293209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4128149151802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4125821590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3477270007133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20768558979034424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7763725519180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.7576603889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6726713180541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6443260908126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5557246208190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5136486887931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.4790431261062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4698293209075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4128149151802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4125821590423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3477270007133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20768558979034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2009.4938635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.564.3314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.564.3314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ee.oulu.fi/research/isg/files/pdf/Clustering-based recognition.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336704","display_name":"Infotech Oulu","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23149702","https://openalex.org/W98188630","https://openalex.org/W1484678121","https://openalex.org/W1491797991","https://openalex.org/W1520992637","https://openalex.org/W1584096058","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2096335861","https://openalex.org/W2096771210","https://openalex.org/W2105046342","https://openalex.org/W2127127580","https://openalex.org/W2148217011","https://openalex.org/W2556902169","https://openalex.org/W2613161123","https://openalex.org/W2747485148","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W3129711340","https://openalex.org/W6604091132","https://openalex.org/W6628993801","https://openalex.org/W6629350661","https://openalex.org/W6631160624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765080098","https://openalex.org/W2385749422","https://openalex.org/W2355290145","https://openalex.org/W2353465659","https://openalex.org/W3023105672","https://openalex.org/W2009888974","https://openalex.org/W2355539379","https://openalex.org/W4231410700","https://openalex.org/W4237770763","https://openalex.org/W2347752811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"recognition":[1],"of":[2,14,102,138,153],"activities":[3,159],"using":[4,45,61,143],"time":[5,105],"series":[6,106],"data":[7,58,115,132],"collected":[8,117],"from":[9,94],"exercise":[10,20],"can":[11],"facilitate":[12],"development":[13],"applications":[15],"that":[16,97],"motivate":[17],"people":[18],"to":[19,64,112,157,162],"more":[21],"frequently":[22],"and":[23,42,68,89,121],"actively.":[24],"This":[25],"article":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28],"method":[29,52,155],"for":[30,80],"recognizing":[31],"nine":[32,124],"different":[33,125],"everyday":[34],"sport":[35],"activities,":[36],"such":[37,86,100],"as":[38,87],"running,":[39],"walking,":[40,44],"aerobics":[41],"Nordic":[43],"only":[46,99],"two-dimensional":[47],"wrist-worn":[48],"accelerometer.":[49],"The":[50,77,114,151],"suggested":[51],"is":[53,110,156],"based":[54],"on":[55],"clustering":[56],"the":[57,103,108,128,131,141],"by":[59,118],"first":[60],"an":[62,136,144,164],"EM-algorithm":[63],"form":[65,163],"homogeneous":[66],"groups":[67],"then":[69],"applying":[70],"C4.5-based":[71],"decision":[72,147],"trees":[73],"inside":[74],"these":[75],"groups.":[76],"features":[78],"extracted":[79],"classification":[81],"process":[82],"are":[83,92],"simple":[84],"features,":[85],"variance":[88],"mean,":[90],"which":[91],"calculated":[93],"compressed":[95],"signals":[96],"contain":[98],"points":[101],"original":[104],"where":[107],"derivative":[109],"equal":[111],"zero.":[113],"were":[116,133],"ten":[119],"subjects":[120],"they":[122],"contained":[123],"sports.":[126],"Using":[127],"presented":[129],"method,":[130],"classified":[134],"with":[135],"accuracy":[137,142],"85%,":[139],"whereas":[140],"automatically":[145],"generated":[146],"tree":[148],"was":[149],"80%.":[150],"purpose":[152],"this":[154],"recognize":[158],"in":[160],"order":[161],"activity":[165],"diary.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}